حال مادرم امروز بهتر است.

A common pronunciation is:

hâl-e mâdaram emruz behtar ast

In everyday speech, است is often pronounced -e or hast / aste depending on style and dialect, so you may also hear something closer to:

hâl-e mâdaram emruz behtare

A rough stress pattern is: hâl-e MÂ-da-ram em-RUZ beh-TAR ast

Here, حال means condition, state, or how someone is feeling.

So in this sentence, it refers to your mother’s health or general condition, not just a literal mood.

Very often, Persian uses حال in expressions about health and well-being, for example:

• حالم خوب است = I feel well / I’m fine
• حالش بهتر است = He/She feels better
• حال مادرم بهتر است = My mother’s condition is better

Because -م is a possessive ending meaning my.

So:

• مادر = mother
• مادرم = my mother

This is very common in Persian. Other examples:

• پدرم = my father
• دوستم = my friend
• کتابم = my book

You can also say مادر من, but مادرم is usually more natural and compact.

That e sound is called ezafe.

It links a noun to something that describes it or belongs to it. In حال مادرم, the meaning is the condition of my mother or my mother’s condition, so Persian uses ezafe:

حالِ مادرم
hâl-e mâdaram

Important point: the ezafe is usually pronounced but not written after a consonant. So although you see حال مادرم, you say hâl-e mâdaram.

Persian usually does not use a separate word like of here. Instead, it uses the ezafe construction.

So English says:

• my mother’s condition
• the condition of my mother

But Persian says:

• حالِ مادرم

That -e link does the job that English often does with ’s or of.

بهتر means better.

It is the comparative form of به or خوب in meaning, depending on context. In everyday Persian, بهتر is the normal word for better.

Examples:

• امروز بهترم = I’m better today
• حالش بهتر است = He/She is feeling better
• این بهتر است = This is better

In your sentence, better means your mother’s condition has improved.

است means is.

Persian often puts the main verb, including to be, at the end of the sentence. So:

• حال مادرم امروز بهتر است literally looks like:
• My mother’s condition today better is

That is normal Persian word order.

In colloquial speech, است is often shortened, so you may hear:

• حال مادرم امروز بهتره

which means the same thing.

In formal Persian, especially in writing, است is normally included.

In everyday speech, people often shorten or replace it:

• formal: بهتر است
• spoken: بهتره

Completely dropping it is usually not the standard choice in this kind of sentence. So for learners, it is safest to use:

• بهتر است in formal language
• بهتره in casual speech

امروز means today, and in Persian, time expressions are often placed before the adjective or before the final verb.

So:

• حال مادرم امروز بهتر است

is very natural.

But Persian word order is somewhat flexible, and you may also hear variations such as:

• امروز حال مادرم بهتر است
• حال مادرم بهتر است امروز
  though this last one is less neutral in many contexts

The most neutral choices are usually:

• حال مادرم امروز بهتر است
• امروز حال مادرم بهتر است

Yes, you could, and it would usually mean My mother is better today.

But there is a slight nuance:

• مادرم امروز بهتر است focuses directly on my mother
• حال مادرم امروز بهتر است focuses on my mother’s condition

In many real situations, they are very close in meaning. The version with حال sounds a bit more specific about health or state.

You actually do say حالِ مادرم in pronunciation.

The issue is only spelling. In normal Persian writing, the ezafe is often not written after a consonant, so:

• written: حال مادرم
• pronounced: hâl-e mâdaram

So حال مادرم is the normal written form, but learners should remember the spoken -e link.

It is natural and correct, especially in a slightly careful or neutral style.

In everyday spoken Persian, people often make it a little more conversational, for example:

• حال مادرم امروز بهتره
• مامانم امروز بهتره
• حالِ مامانم امروز بهتره

Notes:

• مادر = more standard/formal than مامان
• است = more formal than -ه

So your original sentence is perfectly good, especially in writing or polite speech.

Both can mean my mother, but the tone is different:

• مادرم = more neutral, standard, or formal
• مامانم = more familiar, warm, everyday speech

So:

• حال مادرم امروز بهتر است sounds more standard
• حال مامانم امروز بهتره sounds more conversational

Both are correct; the choice depends on tone.

Usually it suggests health, physical condition, or overall state, especially in this context.

Because of حال, the sentence often means something like:

• My mother is feeling better today
• My mother’s condition is better today

Depending on context, it could also refer to general well-being, not only illness. But if someone was sick, this sentence would very naturally mean that she is improving.