تو میدانی که خواهرت در دانشگاه خوشحال است؟

Persian usually follows Subject–Object/Complement–Verb order, so the main verb often comes at the end of a clause.

In this sentence:

• تو = you
• می‌دانی = know
• که خواهرت در دانشگاه خوشحال است = that your sister is happy at the university

A more literal breakdown is:

• تو می‌دانی = you know
• که = that
• خواهرت = your sister
• در دانشگاه = at/in the university
• خوشحال است = is happy

So Persian keeps the verb of the embedded clause at the end too:

• خواهرت در دانشگاه خوشحال است
  literally: your sister at the university happy is

That is completely normal in Persian.

تو means you in the singular, informal sense.

Important points:

• تو = informal singular you
• شما = formal singular you, or plural you

Also, Persian often drops subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear. So:

• تو می‌دانی = you know
• می‌دانی = you know

Both are possible. Including تو can add emphasis, clarity, or contrast.

The standard spelling is می‌دانی with a half-space after می.

It comes from the verb دانستن = to know.

Here is the structure:

• میـ = marker often used for the present/imperfective
• دان = verb stem
• ـی = you (singular) ending

So:

• می‌دانم = I know
• می‌دانی = you know
• می‌داند = he/she knows

In this sentence, می‌دانی means you know / do you know.

In yes/no questions, Persian often uses the same verb form as a statement and relies on intonation or a question mark.

که often means that and introduces a subordinate clause.

So:

• می‌دانی که... = do you know that... / you know that...

It links the main clause to the information being known.

In English, that is sometimes optional:

• Do you know that your sister is happy... ?
• Do you know your sister is happy... ?

In Persian, که is very common in this kind of sentence.

خواهرت is made from:

• خواهر = sister
• ـت = your (informal singular)

So:

• خواهر = sister
• خواهرت = your sister

This ـت is an enclitic possessive ending. Persian often shows possession this way instead of using a separate word like English your.

Some related forms:

• خواهرم = my sister
• خواهرت = your sister
• خواهرش = his/her sister

در usually means in, inside, or sometimes at, depending on context.

So:

• در دانشگاه can mean in the university or at the university

In English, we often say at the university more naturally in many contexts, but Persian uses در very comfortably here.

Word-by-word:

• در = in/at
• دانشگاه = university

Persian has no definite article like English the.

So دانشگاه can mean:

• university
• the university
• a university

The exact meaning depends on context.

In this sentence, English may naturally translate it as the university or just university, but Persian does not need a separate word for the.

• خوشحال = happy
• است = is

So:

• خوشحال است = is happy

In Persian, adjectives can work with forms of to be, just like in English:

• او خوشحال است = he/she is happy

In everyday spoken Persian, است is often shortened or dropped in casual speech:

• خوشحال است → formal/full
• خوشحاله → common spoken form

So the written sentence is standard and clear, but in conversation you may hear a more colloquial version.

Yes, this is a normal yes/no question.

Persian does not need a helper verb like English do. English says:

• Do you know ... ?

Persian simply uses the normal verb form and turns it into a question through:

• intonation
• question mark
• sometimes آیا at the beginning in more formal style

So all of these are possible:

• تو می‌دانی که خواهرت در دانشگاه خوشحال است؟
• می‌دانی که خواهرت در دانشگاه خوشحال است؟
• آیا می‌دانی که خواهرت در دانشگاه خوشحال است؟

They all mean essentially the same thing, though آیا sounds more formal or careful.

Usually, in everyday speech, a native speaker would say something more colloquial, such as:

• می‌دونی که خواهرت تو دانشگاه خوشحاله؟

Compared with the written sentence:

• می‌دانی → spoken می‌دونی
• در → often spoken تو for in/at
• است → often spoken ـه

So your original sentence is grammatically correct and understandable, but it sounds more written, careful, or textbook-like than casual everyday speech.

The preferred standard spelling is می‌دانی with a half-space.

That is because می is a prefix attached to the verb, but in standard Persian typography it is usually separated with a half-space rather than a full space.

So:

• می‌دانی = standard
• میدانی = common in informal typing, but less standard

Learners should recognize both, because many people omit the half-space when typing quickly.

A careful pronunciation would be approximately:

to midāni ke xāharat dar dānešgāh xošhāl ast?

A few notes:

• خ sounds like the ch in German Bach or Scottish loch
• خواهرت is pronounced roughly xā-ha-rat
• دانشگاه is roughly dā-neš-gāh
• خوشحال is roughly xoš-hāl

In casual speech, it may sound closer to:

to miduni ke xāharet tu dānešgāh xošhāle?

Yes. In many cases, leaving out تو is completely natural.

So:

• تو می‌دانی که خواهرت در دانشگاه خوشحال است؟
• می‌دانی که خواهرت در دانشگاه خوشحال است؟

Both mean the same thing.

The version without تو is often more natural unless you want to stress you, as in:

• You know that, right?
• Do you know that?

Persian often omits pronouns when the verb ending already makes the subject clear.

Yes. Persian possessive endings are attached directly to the noun, whereas English uses a separate word.

Compare:

• English: your sister
• Persian: خواهر + ت = خواهرت

These endings are very common and useful to learn early:

• ـم = my
• ـت = your (informal singular)
• ـش = his/her
• ـمان = our
• ـتان = your (plural/formal)
• ـشان = their

So once you know the pattern, many words become easy to form.

Usually دانشگاه means university.

If you want college, the translation depends on context, because English college covers several ideas that Persian may express differently.

But in standard usage:

• دانشگاه = university

So for a learner, university is the safest and most direct meaning here.