امروز هوا ابری است و باران می آید.

A word-by-word breakdown is:

• امروز = today
• هوا = air / weather
• ابری = cloudy
• است = is
• و = and
• باران = rain
• می آید = comes / is coming

So the sentence literally looks something like:

Today the weather is cloudy and rain comes,

but in natural English it means:

Today the weather is cloudy and it is raining / Today it is cloudy and raining.

Yes, هوا can mean air, but it also very commonly means weather depending on context.

In this sentence:

• هوا ابری است = The weather is cloudy

This is a very common Persian pattern:

• هوا گرم است = The weather is warm
• هوا سرد است = The weather is cold
• هوا خوب است = The weather is nice

So even though هوا literally has the sense of air, in everyday usage it often works just like weather.

ابری comes from ابر meaning cloud.

The ending -ی often turns a noun into an adjective, similar to how English can form adjectives from nouns.

So:

• ابر = cloud
• ابری = cloudy / cloud-like

This is a very useful pattern in Persian. For example:

• برف = snow
• برفی = snowy

So هوا ابری است literally means the weather is cloud-y.

Persian does not have a definite article like English the.

So هوا can mean:

• air
• the air
• weather
• the weather

The exact meaning comes from context.

That is why هوا ابری است naturally means the weather is cloudy, even though there is no separate word for the.

Persian often uses subject + complement + verb order, and the verb usually comes at the end of the clause.

So:

• هوا ابری است
  • هوا = subject
  • ابری = adjective/complement
  • است = is

Literally: weather cloudy is

And:

• باران می آید
  • باران = rain
  • می آید = comes / is coming

Literally: rain comes

This is normal Persian word order. English and Persian organize sentences differently, especially because Persian tends to place the verb later.

است is the formal/literary form of is.

In careful written Persian, هوا ابری است is completely standard.

In spoken Persian, people very often shorten or replace it:

• هوا ابریه = The weather is cloudy

So:

• ابری است = formal / written
• ابریه = colloquial / spoken

In some contexts, especially informal speech, the copula can feel lighter or reduced, but for learners, it is best to understand است as the standard written form.

The part می is a very common verbal prefix in Persian. It often marks:

• present habitual
• present continuous-like meaning
• general present

So:

• آید / آیدن is not how learners usually meet the verb
• the verb is آمدن = to come
• its present stem is آی
• می آید = comes / is coming

In modern writing, you may also see it written as:

• می‌آید

That version, with the half-space, is often preferred typographically.
So these are basically the same word in standard Persian writing:

• می آید
• می‌آید

That is just the Persian idiom.

Persian often expresses weather in ways that are not word-for-word the same as English.
So:

• باران می آید literally = rain comes
• natural English meaning = it is raining

English uses a dummy subject it, but Persian does not need that here.

This is similar to how languages often describe weather differently:

• English: It is raining
• Persian: Rain comes

You should learn باران می آید as a normal weather expression.

Both mean rain, but they differ in style:

• باران = standard, written, more formal
• بارون = colloquial, spoken

So in formal written Persian:

• باران می آید

In everyday speech, many people would say:

• بارون میاد

A learner should recognize both.
The sentence you were given is in a more standard written style.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

emruz havâ abrî ast o bârân mi-âyad

More naturally in connected speech:

emruz havâ abrî ast-o bârân mi-âyad

A few notes:

• امروز = emruz
• هوا = havâ
• ابری = abrî
• است = ast
• و is usually pronounced o
• باران = bârân
• می آید = mi-âyad

In casual spoken Persian, it would often sound more like:

emruz havâ abriye o barun miyâd

No. There is no ezafe here.

That is because ابری is a predicate adjective, not an attributive adjective inside a noun phrase.

Compare:

1. هوا ابری است
   = The weather is cloudy
   Here ابری is saying something about هوا, so no ezafe.

2. هوای ابری
   = cloudy weather
   Here ابری directly modifies هوا inside a noun phrase, so you do get ezafe:

   • هوای ابری

This is an important distinction in Persian.

Usually, Persian prefers هوا when talking about the weather in this structure:

• امروز هوا ابری است

That is the most natural standard version.

If you say only امروز ابری است, it may sound incomplete or less natural, because ابری normally describes something, and هوا gives the sentence its clear subject.

So for weather descriptions, learners should strongly prefer:

• هوا ابری است
• هوا سرد است
• هوا گرم است

Yes. A very common colloquial version would be:

امروز هوا ابریه و بارون میاد.

Changes:

• است → ـه
  • ابری است → ابریه
• باران → بارون
• می آید → میاد

So:

• written/standard: امروز هوا ابری است و باران می آید
• spoken/colloquial: امروز هوا ابریه و بارون میاد

Both are correct, but they belong to different registers.

Grammatically, می آید can correspond to several English present-time meanings depending on context:

• comes
• is coming

But with باران, the whole expression is understood idiomatically as:

• it rains
• it is raining

In this sentence, because the meaning has a current-weather feel, English usually translates it as:

• it is raining

So the best way to think of it is:

• literal grammar: rain comes
• actual meaning: it is raining

In writing, the word is و and it means and.

In pronunciation, it is very often said as o in modern Persian, especially in ordinary connected speech.

So:

• هوا ابری است و باران می آید

is pronounced roughly like:

• havâ abrî ast o bârân mi-âyad

You may sometimes see learners write va in transliteration, but o is usually closer to how it sounds in everyday standard pronunciation.