Ni renovigas la membrecon antaŭ la limdato.

Ni is the subject of the sentence: the people doing the action.

• Ni = we
• Nin = us (used when we/us is the object)

So in Ni renovigas la membrecon, we are doing the renewing, so Ni is correct.

The -n ending marks the direct object in Esperanto.

In this sentence:

• Ni = the subject
• renovigas = the action
• la membrecon = the thing being renewed

So la membrecon gets -n because it is the object of the verb.

Compare:

• Ni renovigas la membrecon. = We renew the membership.
• La membreco renoviĝas. = The membership renews / is renewed.
  Here membreco would not take -n, because it would be the subject.

The verb comes from the idea of making something new again.

Breakdown:

• nova = new
• renove / re- adds the idea of again
• -ig- means to cause/make something become

So renovigi literally means something like to make new again, which is why it is used for renew.

Then:

• renovig-as = renew / are renewing

This is a very common Esperanto pattern:

• pura = clean

• purigi = to clean, to make clean

• nova = new
• renovigi = to renew, to make new again

Because Esperanto often builds verbs in a very regular way from roots and suffixes.

With renovigi, the idea is not just to be new again, but to make something new again. The -ig- suffix is what gives that causative meaning.

So:

• renovigi = to renew something
• renoviĝi would suggest to become renewed or renew itself

In your sentence, we are acting on the membership, so the transitive form renovigi fits well.

Membreco means membership.

It is built very regularly:

• membro = member
• -ec- = the quality, state, or condition of something
• membreco = the state/status of being a member = membership

So:

• membro = a member
• membreco = membership

This is a useful suffix to learn, because it appears in many words:

• bela = beautiful

• beleco = beauty

• grava = important
• graveco = importance

La is the definite article, meaning the.

So la membrecon means the membership, not just a membership.

In practice, this often suggests a specific membership already known from context, such as:

• our membership
• your membership
• the membership we are discussing

Esperanto has only one article, la, and it does not change for gender, number, or case. The -n goes on the noun, not on la:

• la membro
• la membroj
• la membron
• la membrojn

It is a prepositional phrase telling us when the action happens.

• antaŭ = before
• la limdato = the deadline

So antaŭ la limdato means before the deadline.

This phrase gives time information about renovigas.

Because it is the object of the preposition antaŭ, not the direct object of the verb.

In Esperanto, a noun after a preposition normally does not take -n unless there is a special reason, such as direction in some expressions.

Here:

• la membrecon = direct object of renovigas → needs -n
• la limdato = object of antaŭ → no -n

So the sentence correctly has:

• la membrecon
• antaŭ la limdato

Limdato is a compound word:

• limo = limit
• dato = date

Together, limdato means deadline or cutoff date.

Esperanto uses compounds very often, and they are usually quite transparent once you know the parts.

Other examples:

• lernolibro = learning-book = textbook
• sunlumo = sun-light = sunlight

So limdato is a very typical Esperanto-style word.

The ending -as marks the present tense, but Esperanto present tense is broader than English.

So renovigas can mean, depending on context:

• renew
• renews
• are renewing
• is renewing

In this sentence, with Ni, it could be understood as:

• We renew the membership
• We are renewing the membership

Context decides which English translation sounds best.

Yes. Esperanto word order is fairly flexible because grammatical endings show the roles of words.

The neutral order here is:

• Ni renovigas la membrecon antaŭ la limdato.

But you could also say:

• Antaŭ la limdato ni renovigas la membrecon.

That puts more emphasis on before the deadline.

Because membrecon has -n, it is still clearly the object even if the order changes.

They are related, but not the same.

• antaŭ la limdato = before the deadline
• ĝis la limdato = until/by the deadline depending on context

Antaŭ means the action happens earlier than the deadline.

Ĝis focuses on the endpoint. In some contexts, ĝis la limdato could suggest something like up to the deadline or by the deadline, which is slightly different.

So antaŭ la limdato is the clearer choice if you want to emphasize that the renewal happens before that date.

Possibly, but it would not mean exactly the same thing.

• renovigi la membrecon = renew the membership
• plilongigi la membrecon = extend the membership

These can be similar in real-life situations, but the nuance is different:

• renew = continue it by making it valid again for a new period
• extend = lengthen its duration

So renovigas is a good choice if the intended meaning is specifically renewing a membership.

By itself, the sentence does not force one interpretation.

Ni renovigas la membrecon antaŭ la limdato could mean:

• We renew the membership before the deadline (habitual/general)
• We are renewing the membership before the deadline (current situation)

Esperanto -as does not distinguish those the way English often does. If you want to make it clearer, you can add context words, for example:

• Kutime ni renovigas la membrecon antaŭ la limdato. = We usually renew the membership before the deadline.
• Nun ni renovigas la membrecon antaŭ la limdato. = We are now renewing the membership before the deadline.