La kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino tuj donis al mi medikamenton.

Sciinta is an active past participle from the verb scii = to know.

It is made like this:

• sci- = the verb root
• -int- = active past participle
• -a = adjective ending

So sciinta literally means having known or who had known.

In this sentence, it describes kuracistino, so la kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino means something like the female doctor who knew the cause or more literally the female doctor having known the cause.

This is about time relationship.

• scianta = knowing, with the action/state viewed as present or ongoing
• sciinta = having known, with the knowing viewed as already established before the main action

The main verb is donis = gave.
So sciinta shows that the doctor’s knowing the cause came before, or was already true by the time, she gave the medicine.

In natural English, we would often still just say the doctor who knew the cause, but Esperanto uses the participle to show that earlier relationship more explicitly.

Because kaŭzon is the direct object of scii.

The doctor knew the cause, so:

• kaŭzo = cause
• kaŭzon = the cause, as a direct object

Even though kaŭzon is inside the descriptive phrase la kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino, it still keeps the accusative because it is the thing that was known.

So the structure is:

• scii la kaŭzon = to know the cause
• la kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino = the female doctor who knew the cause

Because kuracistino is the subject of the main verb donis.

The doctor is the one who performed the action of giving:

• kuracistino donis = the female doctor gave

In Esperanto, the direct object gets -n, but the subject normally does not.

So here:

• kuracistino = subject
• medikamenton = direct object of donis
• kaŭzon = direct object of scii inside the participial phrase

Because sciinta is an adjective form, and participles in -a work like adjectives in Esperanto.

It is modifying the noun kuracistino.

So this whole chunk works together:

• la ... kuracistino = the ... female doctor
• kaŭzon sciinta = having known the cause

Together:

• la kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino = the female doctor who knew the cause

A useful way to think about it is that Esperanto often compresses a relative clause into a participial adjective:

• la kuracistino, kiu sciis la kaŭzon
  = the female doctor who knew the cause

This sentence uses the shorter participial version instead.

Because -in- is the suffix for female sex.

• kuracisto = doctor
• kuracistino = female doctor

Esperanto often marks female nouns with -in-. So the sentence specifically says the doctor was female.

La is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• la kuracistino = the female doctor
• la kaŭzon = the cause

Esperanto has only one definite article, la, and it does not change for gender, number, or case.

In this sentence, la appears twice because both cause and doctor are definite.

Because al marks the indirect object, the recipient.

• doni ion al iu = to give something to someone

So:

• medikamenton = the thing given
• al mi = to me

If you used min, that would make me a direct object, which would not fit the normal structure here.

So the pattern is:

• Ŝi donis al mi medikamenton.
• She gave me medicine.
• literally: She gave medicine to me.

Because it is the direct object of donis.

The doctor gave what?
She gave medikamenton.

So:

• doni medikamenton = to give medicine / a medicine

That is why it takes the accusative ending -n.

Tuj is an adverb meaning immediately, right away, or at once.

It modifies the verb donis:

• tuj donis = immediately gave

It tells us how quickly the action happened after the doctor knew the cause.

Yes. A learner will often find this version easier at first:

• La kuracistino, kiu sciis la kaŭzon, tuj donis al mi medikamenton.

That means the same basic thing: The female doctor, who knew the cause, immediately gave me medicine.

The original sentence is more compact and literary in feel because it uses a participial phrase:

• la kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino

Both are correct. The participial version is just denser.

Esperanto word order is fairly flexible because endings show grammatical roles.

This sentence is perfectly normal as written, but some parts could move:

• La kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino tuj donis al mi medikamenton.
• Tuj la kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino donis al mi medikamenton.
• La kaŭzon sciinta kuracistino donis al mi tuj medikamenton.

However, not every version sounds equally natural. The original is clear and smooth.

What matters most is the endings and prepositions:

• -n shows direct objects
• al shows the recipient

So even if word order shifts somewhat, the meaning usually stays clear.