Mi portas novan veston hodiaŭ.

Yes—porti can mean both to carry and to wear in Esperanto.

The basic idea is to bear / to have on oneself, so the exact meaning depends on context:

• Mi portas sakon. = I am carrying a bag.
• Mi portas ĉapelon. = I am wearing a hat.

In Mi portas novan veston hodiaŭ, because the object is clothing, portas is understood as am wearing / wear.

Because veston is the direct object, and in Esperanto direct objects take -n.

Since novan describes veston, the adjective has to agree with the noun. That means it also takes -n.

So:

• vesto = a garment
• veston = a garment (as direct object)
• nova vesto = a new garment
• novan veston = a new garment (as direct object)

This matching is a very important Esperanto rule:

• adjectives agree with nouns in number
• adjectives agree with nouns in case

So if the noun gets -n, the adjective gets -n too.

Esperanto personal pronouns mostly stay the same unless grammar requires a different form.

Here, Mi means I, and it is the subject of the sentence, so it stays Mi.

Compare:

• Mi portas... = I wear / am wearing...
• Li vidas min. = He sees me.

Notice that mi becomes min only when it is a direct object.

Because Esperanto normally uses the simple present tense -as for both:

• I wear
• I am wearing

So:

• Mi portas novan veston hodiaŭ can naturally mean I’m wearing a new garment today.

A more explicitly progressive form like mi estas portanta... is usually unnecessary and often sounds less natural in ordinary Esperanto.

Esperanto prefers the simpler form unless there is a special reason to emphasize the ongoing action.

Hodiaŭ means today. It is an adverb of time.

It is at the end because Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, and putting time expressions at the end is completely normal.

You could also say:

• Hodiaŭ mi portas novan veston.
• Mi hodiaŭ portas novan veston.

All of these are grammatical. The differences are mostly about emphasis and style, not basic meaning.

Vesto means a garment or article of clothing. In the singular, it usually means one item of clothing, not clothing in general.

So this sentence most literally means something like:

• I’m wearing a new garment today
• or more naturally in English, depending on context, I’m wearing something new today

If you wanted to talk about clothes in a more general or plural sense, you might use:

• vestoj = clothes / garments

For example:

• Mi portas novajn vestojn hodiaŭ. = I’m wearing new clothes today.

Esperanto has:

• la = the
• no indefinite article for a / an

So:

• nova vesto = a new garment
• la nova vesto = the new garment

In your sentence, novan veston has no article, so it is indefinite: a new garment.

That is normal Esperanto. You simply leave out the article when English would use a or an.

Yes. Esperanto -as covers both ideas.

So Mi portas novan veston hodiaŭ can mean:

• I’m wearing a new garment today
  or
• I wear a new garment today

In real usage, English usually prefers I’m wearing... for this kind of situation, so that is often the most natural translation.

The context tells you whether the meaning is habitual, current, scheduled, or general.

Yes. Surhavi is another verb often used for to be wearing.

Very roughly:

• porti = wear / carry
• surhavi = have on, be wearing

So:

• Mi portas novan veston hodiaŭ.
• Mi surhavas novan veston hodiaŭ.

Both can work. Porti is very common and basic, so it is a good word to learn first.

Hodiaŭ is pronounced roughly ho-dee-ow.

The ŭ in Esperanto is a very short w-like glide, and it appears mainly in combinations like:

• aŭ
• eŭ

So aŭ sounds roughly like the ow in now.

That means:

• hodiaŭ ≈ ho-di-ow

The stress in Esperanto is always on the second-to-last syllable, so here the stress is on di:

• ho-DI-aŭ

Yes, to a degree.

Because novan veston is marked with -n, you can still recognize it as the direct object even if the order changes. For example:

• Mi portas novan veston hodiaŭ.
• Hodiaŭ mi portas novan veston.
• Novan veston mi portas hodiaŭ.

All are grammatical.

The -n makes Esperanto less dependent on strict English-like word order. Still, the most neutral order is usually subject + verb + object.

Because nova vesto would be the basic dictionary form, but in this sentence the noun phrase is the direct object of portas.

So the object needs -n:

• nova vesto = a new garment
• Mi portas novan veston. = I wear / am wearing a new garment.

Both the noun and its adjective must change together:

• nova vesto
• novan veston

That agreement is one of the core patterns in Esperanto grammar.