La kuracisto rigardas mian nazon, buŝon kaj orelon.

Because Esperanto rigardi normally takes a direct object directly. So:

rigardi mian nazon = to look at my nose

In English, look often needs at, but in Esperanto rigardi usually does not.

The ending -as marks the present tense in Esperanto.

So rigardas means looks at or is looking at, depending on context. Esperanto does not usually force a distinction between simple present and progressive present the way English sometimes does.

Also, the verb form does not change for different subjects:

• mi rigardas = I look / am looking
• li rigardas = he looks / is looking
• ili rigardas = they look / are looking

The -n marks the accusative, which is usually used for the direct object of a verb.

Here, the doctor is looking at these things, so they are the direct objects:

• nazon = nose as object
• buŝon = mouth as object
• orelon = ear as object

In a list, each noun still needs its own -n.

Because mia is a possessive adjective, and adjectives in Esperanto agree with the noun they describe in number and case.

Since nazon is singular accusative, mia becomes mian:

• mia nazo = my nose
• mian nazon = my nose as a direct object

So mian matches nazon.

It does not have to be repeated if the meaning is clear.

So:

mian nazon, buŝon kaj orelon

is understood as:

mian nazon, mian buŝon kaj mian orelon

This is a normal kind of omission in Esperanto, just as in English you might say my nose, mouth, and ear without repeating my every time.

Because the sentence, as written, says ear, not ears.

So it means the doctor is looking at one ear. If you wanted to say ears, you would use the plural:

• orelon = ear
• orelojn = ears

The same would apply to the other body parts.

La is the definite article, meaning the.

• la kuracisto = the doctor

But possessive words like mia already make the noun definite enough, so Esperanto normally does not use la with them:

• mia nazo = my nose
• not normally la mia nazo

So la kuracisto is natural, and mian nazon is also natural.

No. Kuracisto is normally gender-neutral and can refer to a doctor of any sex.

If someone specifically wants to say female doctor, Esperanto can use kuracistino. But kuracisto by itself does not mean specifically male.

Yes, more easily than in English, because the -n ending helps show what the object is.

The most neutral order is:

La kuracisto rigardas mian nazon, buŝon kaj orelon.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, such as:

Mian nazon, buŝon kaj orelon la kuracisto rigardas.

That said, learners should usually start with the standard subject–verb–object order.

The letter ŝ is pronounced like English sh.

So buŝon sounds roughly like BOO-shon.

A few other useful pronunciation notes from this sentence:

• c in kuracisto sounds like ts
• j in kaj sounds like English y
• stress in Esperanto is normally on the second-to-last syllable

So a rough pronunciation of the whole sentence is:

la ku-ra-CIS-to ri-GAR-das MI-an NA-zon, BU-shon kaj o-RE-lon