La arboj estas grandaj.

The trees are big.

Breakdown of La arboj estas grandaj.

• esti: to be
• granda: big
• arbo: the tree

Questions & Answers about La arboj estas grandaj.

Why is the article la used here instead of leaving it out?

In Esperanto, la is the definite article, similar to "the" in English. It specifies particular trees rather than trees in general. If you omit la, you shift the meaning to "trees are big" in a general sense.

What does the ending -j in arboj signify?

The ending -j in Esperanto indicates plural. So arbo is "tree," and arboj is "trees."

Why does grandaj also end with -j?

In Esperanto, adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in both number (singular or plural) and case. Since arboj is plural, granda becomes grandaj to match.

Is estas always used for "are," or can it mean "is" as well?

The verb estas corresponds to all forms of the English verb "to be." It can mean "am," "are," or "is," depending on context. For example, Mi estas, Vi estas, and Ili estas translate to "I am," "You are," and "They are," respectively.

If I wanted to say "The tree is big," would the sentence change significantly?

Yes, you would switch arboj (plural) to arbo (singular), and grandaj to granda (singular adjective). So it would be: La arbo estas granda.