La foto montras la revolucion.

Because Esperanto uses la for the, and each noun that is definite usually gets its own article.

So:

• la foto = the photo
• la revolucion = the revolution

Unlike in some languages, Esperanto does not usually let one la cover multiple separate nouns.

The -n ending marks the direct object in Esperanto.

In this sentence:

• la foto is the thing doing the action
• la revolucion is the thing being shown

So:

• La foto montras... = The photo shows...
• ...la revolucion = ...the revolution

The basic noun is revolucio.
When it is the direct object, it becomes revolucion.

In Esperanto, -as marks the present tense.

So:

• montri = to show
• montras = shows / is showing

This ending does not change for different subjects:

• mi montras = I show
• vi montras = you show
• la foto montras = the photo shows

That is much simpler than English, where verbs can change more depending on the subject.

Because foto is a noun, and Esperanto nouns normally end in -o.

Here are the basic word-class endings:

• -o = noun
• -a = adjective
• -e = adverb
• -i = infinitive verb

So:

• foto = photo
• bela foto = beautiful photo
• bele = beautifully
• montri = to show

Yes, to some extent. Because la revolucion has the -n ending, Esperanto can show who receives the action even if the order changes.

For example:

• La foto montras la revolucion.
• La revolucion montras la foto.

Both can mean the same thing grammatically.

However, the first version is the most neutral and natural way to say it. Esperanto often uses normal subject–verb–object order unless there is a reason to emphasize something.

Because Esperanto uses the simple present tense -as for several meanings that English expresses in different ways.

So montras can mean:

• shows
• is showing
• sometimes does show, depending on context

The exact English translation depends on the situation, but Esperanto does not need separate forms here.

Yes. In grammar, the subject does not have to be a person. It is simply the thing that performs the verb in the sentence.

Here:

• la foto = subject
• montras = verb
• la revolucion = direct object

English works the same way:

• The photo shows the revolution.

A photo cannot literally act like a person, but grammatically it can still be the subject of show.

Because it is the subject, not the direct object.

In Esperanto, the -n ending is mainly used for the direct object. Since la foto is the thing doing the showing, it stays as foto, not foton.

Compare:

• La foto montras la revolucion. = The photo shows the revolution.
• Mi vidas la foton. = I see the photo.

In the second sentence, foton gets -n because it is the thing being seen.

It is an Esperanto word, but it is also clearly an international-style word. Esperanto includes many roots that are recognizable to speakers of European languages.

So revolucio is built like a normal Esperanto noun:

• root: revoluci-
• noun ending: -o

Then as a direct object:

• revolucio → revolucion

Even if it looks familiar from English revolution, it still follows Esperanto grammar completely.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

La foto montras la revolucion
lah FO-toh MON-tras lah reh-vo-loo-TSI-on

A few helpful points:

• a sounds like ah
• o sounds like oh
• u sounds like oo
• c in Esperanto sounds like ts
• stress usually falls on the second-to-last syllable

So:

• foto → FO-to
• montras → MON-tras
• revolucion → re-vo-lu-TSI-on

Yes. Esperanto marks plurals with -j.

So:

• la foto = the photo
• la fotoj = the photos
• la revolucio = the revolution
• la revolucioj = the revolutions

If the object is plural, the plural and object endings both appear:

• La foto montras la revoluciojn. = The photo shows the revolutions.

Notice the order of endings:

• noun: revoluci-o
• plural: revoluci-oj
• direct object plural: revoluci-ojn