La tajloro sendube finos hodiaŭ.

La is the definite article, so it means the.

So la tajloro = the tailor.

Esperanto has only one definite article, la, and it does not change for gender, number, or case in its basic form. Also, Esperanto has no indefinite article: tajloro can mean a tailor or tailor, depending on context.

In Esperanto, -o is the normal noun ending.

So:

• tajloro = tailor
• tajloroj = tailors

This makes it easy to recognize parts of speech. A learner can immediately see that tajloro is a noun because of -o.

Yes. Tajloro is a borrowed/root-related word and is clearly similar to English tailor.

Many Esperanto words are internationally recognizable, but they are adapted to Esperanto spelling and word-building rules. Here, the English tailor becomes tajloro.

Sendube means undoubtedly, without doubt, or doubtless.

It functions as an adverb in this sentence, modifying the verb finos.

You can think of it as expressing the speaker’s certainty:

• La tajloro sendube finos hodiaŭ.
• The tailor will undoubtedly finish today.

It is a fixed adverbial form meaning without doubt / undoubtedly.

It is related in meaning to sen dubo:

• sen = without
• dubo = doubt

But sendube is commonly used as a single adverb. For a learner, the important point is simply that sendube works as one word meaning undoubtedly.

Because -os is the Esperanto future tense ending.

Here is the pattern:

• fini = to finish
• finas = finishes / is finishing
• finis = finished
• finos = will finish

So finos means will finish.

The base form is fini, meaning to finish.

Esperanto verbs always have predictable endings:

• -i = infinitive
• -as = present
• -is = past
• -os = future
• -us = conditional
• -u = command / volitive

So once you know fini, you can easily understand finos.

Not necessarily.

In many contexts, fini can be used without stating the object when it is already understood from context. For example, if the tailor is working on a suit, dress, or job already being discussed, Esperanto can simply say:

• La tajloro finos hodiaŭ.

In natural English, we might still say The tailor will finish today, even if the work or the garment is left unstated.

So the omitted object is not a problem if the meaning is clear from context.

Because there is no direct object shown.

The -n ending in Esperanto often marks the direct object. But here:

• La tajloro is the subject
• sendube is an adverb
• finos is the verb
• hodiaŭ is a time adverb

Since no direct object appears, there is no need for an accusative -n.

Because Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, and putting hodiaŭ at the end is a natural way to place the time expression.

This sentence structure is very normal:

• subject: La tajloro
• adverb of certainty: sendube
• verb: finos
• time adverb: hodiaŭ

You could also move things around for emphasis, for example:

• Sendube la tajloro finos hodiaŭ.
• La tajloro hodiaŭ sendube finos.

But the original version sounds very natural.

Yes. Esperanto allows some freedom in adverb placement.

For example:

• Sendube la tajloro finos hodiaŭ.
• La tajloro finos sendube hodiaŭ.

These are understandable, but La tajloro sendube finos hodiaŭ is a smooth, standard order.

Placing sendube earlier often gives it more emphasis, as if you are strongly stressing undoubtedly.

Hodiaŭ is pronounced roughly ho-di-ow, with aŭ sounding somewhat like ow in cow.

The letter ŭ is a very short glide, similar to a w-like sound. It appears mainly in diphthongs such as:

• aŭ
• eŭ

So in hodiaŭ, the ending is one diphthong: aŭ.

In Esperanto, stress is almost always on the second-to-last syllable.

So:

• la — just la
• tajloro → taj-LO-ro
• sendube → sen-DU-be
• finos → FI-nos
• hodiaŭ → ho-DI-aŭ

This regular stress rule is one of the helpful features of Esperanto pronunciation.