La transpago atingis la bankkonton.

It is a compound-looking word built from trans- and pago.

• pago = payment
• trans- often gives the idea of across, through, or transfer

So transpago suggests a payment that is transferred from one place to another, such as a remittance or bank transfer. Esperanto often forms words this way, so even unfamiliar words can be guessed from their parts.

Atingis is the past-tense form of atingi.

• atingi = to reach
• -is = past tense

So atingis means reached. A native English speaker should also notice that atingi behaves more like reach than like arrive.

Because it is the direct object of atingis.

In Esperanto, the direct object usually gets -n. Since the transfer is what did the reaching, and the bank account is what was reached, bankkonto becomes bankkonton.

So the structure is:

• La transpago = the subject
• atingis = the verb
• la bankkonton = the direct object

Because atingi is a transitive verb: it takes a direct object without a preposition.

In English, we often say arrive at or get to, but Esperanto atingi works like reach:

• reach the bank account
• atingi la bankkonton

So the -n on bankkonton is not there because of motion toward in this sentence; it is there because bankkonton is the direct object.

It is closer to reach.

That matters because English arrive usually needs a preposition, but Esperanto atingi usually does not. So an English speaker should think:

• English: The transfer reached the account
• Esperanto: La transpago atingis la bankkonton

That is a more helpful mental model than thinking of arrive at.

Because Esperanto commonly forms compound words by joining roots together.

Here:

• banko = bank
• konto = account

Together: bankkonto = bank account

This is very normal in Esperanto. The grammatical ending goes on the whole compound:

• bankkonto = bank account
• bankkonton = bank account as direct object
• bankkontoj = bank accounts
• bankkontojn = bank accounts as direct objects

La is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• la transpago = the transfer
• la bankkonto = the bank account

It shows that both are specific and identifiable in the context. Esperanto has only one definite article, la, and it does not change for gender, number, or case. Also, Esperanto has no separate word for a/an.

Yes. Esperanto word order is fairly flexible because the -n ending helps show what the direct object is.

The neutral order is:

• La transpago atingis la bankkonton.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, such as:

• La bankkonton atingis la transpago.

That is still grammatical, though less neutral and more marked in style. For learners, the original subject-verb-object order is the safest default.

You would use -j for the plural, and if the plural noun is also a direct object, it would take -jn.

Examples:

• La transpagoj atingis la bankkonton. = The transfers reached the bank account.
• La transpago atingis la bankkontojn. = The transfer reached the bank accounts.
• La transpagoj atingis la bankkontojn. = The transfers reached the bank accounts.

This shows how Esperanto stacks endings very regularly:

• singular: -o
• plural: -oj
• object: -on
• plural object: -ojn