La dentisto eltiras la muelodonton.

La is the Esperanto definite article, meaning the.

So:

• la dentisto = the dentist
• la muelodonton = the molar / the tooth in question

Esperanto has only one article, la. It does not change for gender, number, or case, and there is no separate word for a/an. If you want an indefinite sense, you usually just leave the article out.

So a learner should notice two things here:

• la always stays la
• Esperanto does not have a word corresponding directly to English a/an

The final -n marks the direct object. It shows which noun is receiving the action of the verb.

Here:

• La dentisto is the doer of the action
• la muelodonton is the thing being pulled out

So the -n tells you that the dentist is extracting the molar.

This is called the accusative ending. It is extremely important in Esperanto.

Compare:

• La dentisto eltiras la muelodonton. = The dentist pulls out the molar.
• La muelodonto eltiras la dentiston. = The molar pulls out the dentist.

That second sentence is absurd in meaning, but grammatically it shows how important -n is.

The dictionary form is eltiri.

Esperanto verbs have fixed endings:

• -i = infinitive, the basic dictionary form
• -as = present tense
• -is = past tense
• -os = future tense
• -us = conditional
• -u = command / wish

So:

• eltiri = to pull out
• eltiras = pulls out / is pulling out
• eltiris = pulled out
• eltiros = will pull out

In this sentence, eltiras is simply the present tense form.

The verb here is built from:

• tir- = pull
• el- = out
• -as = present tense

So eltiras literally has the idea of pulls out.

Esperanto often builds words this way: a prefix adds a clear meaning to a basic root. That is one of the language’s most regular features.

So:

• tiri = to pull
• eltiri = to pull out

In this sentence, eltiri is a natural verb for extracting a tooth.

Dentisto is made from smaller meaningful parts:

• dent- = tooth
• -ist- = a person professionally associated with something
• -o = noun ending

So dentisto literally means something like tooth-professional, which is why it means dentist.

This pattern is very common in Esperanto:

• piano = piano

• pianisto = pianist

• arto = art

• artisto = artist

• dento = tooth
• dentisto = dentist

No. Esperanto verbs do not change for person or number.

That means -as stays -as no matter who is doing the action:

• mi eltiras = I pull out / am pulling out
• vi eltiras = you pull out
• li eltiras = he pulls out
• ŝi eltiras = she pulls out
• ili eltiras = they pull out

This is much simpler than English, where you have forms like I pull but he pulls. In Esperanto, the verb ending stays the same.

Yes, to some extent. Because Esperanto marks the direct object with -n, word order is more flexible than in English.

The neutral order here is:

• La dentisto eltiras la muelodonton.

But you could also say:

• La muelodonton eltiras la dentisto.

That still means the same thing, because muelodonton still has the object ending -n.

However, the original order is the most straightforward and natural for a beginner. Changing the order usually adds emphasis or a different style.

Because Esperanto’s simple present tense often covers both:

• pulls out
• is pulling out

So eltiras can mean either one, depending on context.

Esperanto does have ways to be more explicit about an ongoing action, but in normal usage the plain present tense is usually enough. This is very common in Esperanto and much simpler than trying to match every English tense exactly.

So a learner should not expect a separate mandatory form for English is doing.

It is a noun with the accusative ending added.

You can break it down like this:

• muelodonto = the base noun
• muelodonton = that noun as a direct object

The important beginner point is:

• -o marks a noun
• -n marks the direct object

So even if the vocabulary item itself is new, the grammar is regular and familiar once you know the endings.

In Esperanto, the stress is always on the second-to-last syllable of each word.

So here you get:

• den-TIS-to
• el-TI-ras
• mu-e-lo-DON-ton

That fixed stress pattern is one of the helpful regular features of Esperanto. Once you know the spelling, the pronunciation is usually very predictable.