La provizanto sendis novan tarifon.

La is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• la provizanto = the supplier / the provider
• provizanto = a supplier / supplier (depending on context)

Esperanto has only one article, la, and it does not change for gender, number, or case.

The ending -anto is an active present participle used like a noun: it means someone who is doing the action.

Here the root is proviz-, related to supplying or providing.

So:

• provizi = to supply, to provide
• provizanto = supplier, provider; literally one who supplies

This is a very common Esperanto pattern:

• lernanto = student, learner (one who learns)
• parolanto = speaker (one who speaks)
• laboranto = worker (one who works)

In Esperanto, -is marks the past tense.

So:

• sendas = sends / is sending
• sendis = sent
• sendos = will send

The verb ending does not change for the subject. So whether the subject is mi, vi, li, or la provizanto, the past tense is always -is.

Because novan tarifon is the direct object of the verb sendis.

In Esperanto, the direct object usually takes the ending -n. That is called the accusative.

So:

• nova tarifo = a new rate / a new tariff (as a basic noun phrase)
• novan tarifon = a new rate / tariff as the thing being sent

Since the supplier sent the rate, that noun phrase is the object and gets -n.

Because adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe.

Here:

• tarifon is singular and accusative
• so the adjective nova must also be singular and accusative

That gives:

• nova tarifo = new rate
• novaj tarifoj = new rates
• novan tarifon = new rate (object)
• novajn tarifojn = new rates (objects)

This agreement is a core Esperanto rule.

Tarifon is a noun in the accusative singular.

Breakdown:

• tarif- = the root
• -o = noun ending
• -n = accusative ending

So the base form is tarifo, and in this sentence it becomes tarifon because it is the direct object.

The normal word order is:

La provizanto sendis novan tarifon.
= subject + verb + object

That is the most straightforward and common order.

Because Esperanto marks the object with -n, the word order can be more flexible than in English. For example, Novan tarifon sendis la provizanto would still be understandable, because tarifon is clearly marked as the object.

Still, learners should usually stick to the normal order unless they have a reason to emphasize something.

No. That would be incorrect.

After a transitive verb like sendi, the thing being sent is the direct object, so it needs the accusative -n. The adjective must match it too.

Correct:

• La provizanto sendis novan tarifon.

Not correct:

• La provizanto sendis nova tarifo.

Not necessarily.

Sendi means to send, and it can be used for many kinds of sending:

• a physical item
• a letter
• an email
• a document
• a price list or rate

So in this sentence, it could mean that the supplier sent the new rate by email, post, message, or some other method. The sentence itself does not specify how.

They are related, but not always identical.

• prezo = price
• tarifo = rate, tariff, fee schedule, pricing rate

Tarifo is often used when talking about an official rate, charge, or pricing structure, not just a single simple price.

So depending on context, tarifo may mean:

• tariff
• rate
• fee
• pricing rate

A learner should understand it as a specific kind of price-related term rather than the most general word for price.

No. Esperanto has no indefinite article.

So:

• provizanto can mean a supplier or just supplier
• nova tarifo can mean a new rate

But Esperanto does have the definite article la, meaning the.

That is why the sentence uses la provizanto for the supplier, but there is no separate word corresponding to English a before novan tarifon.

Yes. The exact English translation depends on context.

The root idea is someone who supplies or provides something. In business contexts, provizanto often translates well as:

• supplier
• provider
• sometimes vendor, depending on context

So if the meaning shown to the learner says supplier, that is perfectly natural.

Then both the noun and adjective would become plural, and the object would still take -n.

Singular:

• novan tarifon = one new rate

Plural:

• novajn tarifojn = new rates

So the full sentence would be:

La provizanto sendis novajn tarifojn.

This shows both kinds of agreement at once:

• -j for plural
• -n for accusative

Because la never changes in Esperanto.

Unlike in some languages, the article has only one form:

• la libro
• la libron
• la libroj
• la librojn

So even when nouns and adjectives change for plural or accusative, la stays the same.