Mi pagis du eŭrojn.

Because -is is the Esperanto ending for the past tense.

• pagas = pays / is paying
• pagis = paid
• pagos = will pay

So Mi pagis means I paid.

It has two endings added to the noun:

• -j = plural
• -n = accusative

So:

• eŭro = euro
• eŭroj = euros
• eŭrojn = euros as the direct object

In this sentence, the euros are the thing that was paid, so Esperanto marks them with -n.

Esperanto often marks the direct object with -n, even when English does not mark it.

In Mi pagis du eŭrojn:

• Mi = the subject, the person doing the action
• pagis = the action
• du eŭrojn = the direct object, what was paid

This -n helps show the role of the word in the sentence and allows freer word order.

Because Esperanto numbers like unu, du, tri, kvar normally do not change.

They do not take plural endings or accusative endings themselves in normal usage. Instead, the noun shows the grammar:

• du eŭroj = two euros
• du eŭrojn = two euros as a direct object

So the marking goes on eŭrojn, not on du.

Esperanto has no indefinite article like English a/an.

It does have a definite article, la, for the, but it is only used when needed.

So:

• du eŭroj = two euros
• la du eŭroj = the two euros

In Mi pagis du eŭrojn, no article is needed unless you specifically mean the two euros.

In standard Esperanto, no. It should be du eŭrojn.

Because du eŭroj is just a plural noun phrase, but here it is the direct object, so it needs the accusative:

• correct: Mi pagis du eŭrojn
• not standard here: Mi pagis du eŭroj

The -n is an important part of Esperanto grammar.

A simple guide is roughly:

EH-oo-royn

More exactly:

• e = like e in bet
• ŭ = a short w-like glide
• r = rolled or tapped if possible
• oj = like English oy in boy
• final n = pronounced normally

So eŭrojn sounds approximately like EH-oo-royn.

ŭ is a special Esperanto letter that acts like a short glide, similar to w in some combinations.

In eŭ, it forms a diphthong. So eŭ is pronounced as one combined sound, not as two completely separate syllables.

You see ŭ in a few common words, such as:

• Eŭropo = Europe
• aŭ = or
• ankaŭ = also

Yes, Esperanto allows more flexibility in word order because the -n marks the direct object.

So these can mean the same thing:

• Mi pagis du eŭrojn.
• Du eŭrojn mi pagis.

The first is the normal, neutral order. The second puts more emphasis on du eŭrojn.

Yes. pagis is an inflected form of the verb pagi.

In Esperanto, verbs are usually listed in the infinitive with -i:

• pagi = to pay

Then the endings change by tense:

• pagi = to pay
• pagas = pay(s), am/is/are paying
• pagis = paid
• pagos = will pay

So the dictionary form is pagi.

Mostly because it is the first word of the sentence.

Esperanto does not capitalize mi the way English always capitalizes I. Inside a sentence, it is normally written lowercase:

• Mi pagis du eŭrojn.
• Li diris, ke mi pagis du eŭrojn.

So mi is only capitalized here because it starts the sentence.

Normally, no. It means I paid two euros.

If you want to express for some amount or in exchange for something, Esperanto usually uses a preposition or a fuller expression, depending on the exact meaning.

So this sentence most naturally means that two euros is the amount paid, not the price received in exchange.