La dunganto dungos min, krom se la firmao elektos alian kandidaton.

In Esperanto, -os is the future tense ending for verbs.

So:

• dungas = hires / is hiring
• dungis = hired
• dungos = will hire

The same is true for elektos: it means will choose or will select.

So this sentence uses the future tense twice because both actions are being talked about as future possibilities.

Because min is the accusative form of mi.

In Esperanto, the direct object takes -n. The direct object is the person or thing directly affected by the verb.

Here:

• La dunganto = the employer
• dungos = will hire
• min = me

So min is the object of dungos.

Compare:

• mi = I
• min = me

English mostly shows this difference only in pronouns, and Esperanto does something similar here.

Krom se means unless.

Literally, it is something like except if:

• krom = apart from / besides / except
• se = if

So:

• krom se la firmao elektos alian kandidaton
  = unless the company chooses another candidate

This is a very common way to express unless in Esperanto.

Yes, they come from the same root: dung-, which is about hiring or employing.

• dungi = to hire / employ
• dungos = will hire
• dunganto = employer, literally the one who hires

The ending -ant- often shows someone who is doing an action.

So:

• kanti = to sing
• kantanto = singer

And similarly:

• dungi = to hire
• dunganto = employer

This is a very typical Esperanto word-building pattern.

Because alian kandidaton is the direct object of elektos, and in Esperanto both the adjective and the noun agree with each other.

So:

• kandidato = candidate
• kandidaton = candidate as direct object
• alia = other / another
• alian = other / another, matching the noun in case

This agreement is very regular in Esperanto.

Compare:

• Mi vidas la kandidaton. = I see the candidate.
• Mi vidas alian kandidaton. = I see another candidate.

Both the adjective and noun take -n.

La is the definite article, like the in English.

It is used here because the sentence is talking about specific, known things in context:

• la dunganto = the employer
• la firmao = the company

In real usage, that often means the speaker and listener already know which employer and which company are meant.

Esperanto has only one definite article, la, and it never changes form.

They are not necessarily exactly the same thing.

• dunganto means employer
• firmao means company

In many situations, the company is the employer, so they may refer to the same real-world entity. But grammatically and literally, one word refers to the role (employer) and the other to the organization (company).

A learner might notice that the sentence switches between them. That is normal if the speaker wants to refer first to the employer in general and then specifically to the company making the decision.

Yes. A very close equivalent would be:

La dunganto dungos min, se la firmao ne elektos alian kandidaton.

That means:

The employer will hire me if the company does not choose another candidate.

This is very similar in meaning to the original sentence with krom se.

The difference is mainly in how the idea is presented:

• krom se = unless
• se ... ne = if ... not

Both are natural, but krom se matches the English structure unless more directly.

Yes, Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, especially because the -n ending helps show what is the object.

For example, these are still understandable:

• La dunganto min dungos, krom se la firmao elektos alian kandidaton.
• Krom se la firmao elektos alian kandidaton, la dunganto dungos min.

The most neutral and common order is still the original one, but other orders are possible for emphasis or style.

Esperanto spelling is very regular: usually one letter = one sound.

A rough English-friendly guide:

• La = lah
• dunganto = doon-GAHN-to
• dungos = DOON-gohs
• min = meen
• krom se = krohm seh
• la firmao = lah feer-MAH-oh
• elektos = eh-LEK-tohs
• alian kandidaton = ah-LEE-ahn kahn-dee-DAH-tohn

A few useful pronunciation points:

• stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable
• g is always hard, as in go
• i sounds like ee
• o sounds like o in a pure vowel sound, not a diphthong

So the full sentence is stressed like this:

La dunGANto DUNgos min, KROM se la firMAo eLEKtos aLIan kandiDAton.

Because Esperanto marks tense directly on the verb ending instead of using an extra helper word.

English says:

• will hire
• will choose

Esperanto says:

• dungos
• elektos

So one word already contains the future meaning. This makes Esperanto verb forms very compact and regular.

The main tense endings are:

• -as = present
• -is = past
• -os = future
• -us = conditional
• -u = command / wish
• -i = infinitive

That is why dungos by itself already means will hire.