La luanto pagos lupagon kaj la garantiaĵon morgaŭ.

In Esperanto, -os marks the future tense.

• pagas = pays / is paying
• pagis = paid
• pagos = will pay

So La luanto pagos ... morgaŭ means the payment will happen in the future, which fits with morgaŭ (tomorrow).

The -n ending marks the direct object in Esperanto. That is, it shows what is being paid.

In this sentence:

• La luanto = the tenant → the subject, the one doing the action
• pagos = will pay
• lupagon kaj la garantiaĵon = the rent and the deposit → the things being paid

So the -n tells you these nouns receive the action of paying.

Because Esperanto uses la much like English the: it makes something definite or specific.

• La luanto = the tenant, a specific tenant
• lupagon = rent / a rent payment, not necessarily presented as uniquely identified
• la garantiaĵon = the deposit, a specific deposit already known in the situation

So the sentence is not mechanically using la everywhere. It uses it where the speaker wants something to be definite.

They are built from the same root idea, lu- (renting), but with different endings and word-building:

• luanto

  • lu-
    • -ant-
      • -o
  • -ant- means a person doing an action
  • so luanto = renter / tenant

• lupago

  • lu-
    • pag-
      • -o
  • literally something like rent-payment
  • so lupago = rent

This is very typical Esperanto word-building: one root can produce several related words very transparently.

Because -aĵ- is a suffix meaning a concrete thing or material object/result related to the root.

• garantio = a guarantee
• garantiaĵo = a guaranteed thing, security, deposit, collateral

In housing or rental contexts, garantiaĵo often refers to a security deposit or some form of financial security.

So la garantiaĵon is not just an abstract guarantee; it is the actual thing/payment serving as the guarantee.

Yes. Luanto is the person who rents something, so in this context it means tenant.

If you want to say the person who rents something out to someone else, Esperanto often uses:

• luiganto = landlord / lessor / the one who lets out

That extra -ig- gives the idea of causing or making available, so luiganto is the one who causes the renting to happen from the owner's side.

Yes. Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, especially for adverbs like morgaŭ.

These are all possible:

• La luanto pagos lupagon kaj la garantiaĵon morgaŭ.
• Morgaŭ la luanto pagos lupagon kaj la garantiaĵon.
• La luanto morgaŭ pagos lupagon kaj la garantiaĵon.

They all mean essentially the same thing. The difference is mostly emphasis or style.

The original version places morgaŭ at the end, which is very natural.

Because Esperanto uses endings to show grammatical roles.

In English, word order is crucial:

• The tenant will pay the deposit
• The deposit will pay the tenant
  These mean different things because English relies heavily on position.

In Esperanto, the endings help a lot:

• La luanto has no -n, so it is the subject
• lupagon and garantiaĵon have -n, so they are objects

That means Esperanto can allow more flexibility in order without creating confusion.

Because -n attaches to the words that are actually in the accusative case—here, the two nouns that are direct objects.

So:

• lupagon = object
• kaj = just the conjunction and
• la garantiaĵon = object

The conjunction kaj never takes case endings. Only the nouns, adjectives, pronouns, or correlatives that need the grammatical marking do.

Yes, that would also be correct.

Adding la before lupagon would make the rent more explicitly specific/definite:

• pagos lupagon = will pay rent / a rent payment
• pagos la lupagon = will pay the rent

Which version is best depends on context. If both speaker and listener already know exactly which rent payment is meant, la lupagon may sound more natural. If the sentence is more general or less specific, lupagon is fine.

In Esperanto, stress normally falls on the second-to-last syllable of each word.

So:

• la lu-AN-to
• PA-gos
• lu-PA-gon
• kaj
• la ga-ran-ti-A-ĴON
• mor-GAŬ

A learner should also notice:

• ĵ sounds like the s in measure
• aŭ sounds like a diphthong, roughly like ow in cow, though not exactly the same in all accents

Esperanto pronunciation is very regular, so once you know the sound of each letter, the sentence is straightforward to read.