Een ontsmette wond kan sneller genezen.

Here it functions as an adjective describing wond.

It comes from the verb ontsmetten = to disinfect. More specifically, it is based on the past participle ontsmet = disinfected, and then it takes the usual adjectival ending -e before the noun.

So:

• ontsmetten = to disinfect
• ontsmet = disinfected
• ontsmette wond = disinfected wound

A useful thing to notice: ontsmette also happens to look like the simple past of the verb, as in ik ontsmette de wond = I disinfected the wound. But in your sentence, it is clearly not the main verb, because kan is the finite verb and ontsmette is just describing wond.

Because Dutch adjectives usually take an -e ending when they come before a noun.

In this sentence, wond is a de-word (de wond), so the adjective must take -e:

• een ontsmette wond

This is part of the normal adjective agreement pattern in Dutch.

Compare:

• een grote wond = a big wound
• de grote wond = the big wound
• een ontsmette wond = a disinfected wound

The main exception learners often meet is with indefinite singular het-words, where the adjective may stay without -e:

• een groot huis = a big house

But wond is not a het-word; it is de wond, so ontsmette needs the -e.

Een means a/an, while de means the.

So:

• een wond = a wound
• de wond = the wound

In your sentence, een ontsmette wond is being used in a general sense: it means something like a disinfected wound, in general, can heal faster.

If you said de ontsmette wond, that would normally refer to a specific wound that both speaker and listener already know about.

Because Dutch main clauses usually follow the V2 rule: the finite verb comes in the second position.

Here the first element is the whole subject phrase:

• Een ontsmette wond = first position

So the finite verb must come next:

• kan = second position

Then the infinitive goes to the end:

• genezen

So the structure is:

• Een ontsmette wond | kan | sneller genezen

This is very common with modal verbs such as:

• kan = can
• moet = must
• mag = may
• wil = wants to

For example:

• De patiënt kan lopen. = The patient can walk.
• Het kind wil slapen. = The child wants to sleep.

Because after a modal verb like kunnen, Dutch uses the bare infinitive.

So you say:

• kan genezen
• kan lopen
• kan eten

not:

• kan te genezen
• kan te lopen
• kan te eten

This is similar to English:

• can heal
• not can to heal

Dutch does use te after many other verbs, but not after modal verbs.

Sneller is the comparative of snel.

• snel = fast / quickly
• sneller = faster / more quickly

In this sentence, it is being used adverbially, meaning it modifies the verb genezen rather than the noun wond.

So:

• een snelle wond would not make sense here
• sneller genezen = heal faster

A helpful comparison:

• een snellere genezing = a faster healing/recovery
  Here snellere is an adjective before a noun.
• De wond geneest sneller. = The wound heals faster.
  Here sneller is an adverb.

Yes. In this sentence, genezen means to heal.

So een wond geneest means a wound heals.

That is different from the idea of treating or disinfecting a wound:

• een wond ontsmetten = to disinfect a wound
• een wond behandelen = to treat a wound
• een wond geneest = a wound heals

So the sentence is saying that after being disinfected, the wound may heal more quickly.

Yes. That is a very natural alternative.

Compare:

• Een ontsmette wond kan sneller genezen.
• Een wond die ontsmet is, kan sneller genezen.

They mean almost the same thing.

The difference is mostly stylistic:

• ontsmette wond is more compact and adjective-based
• wond die ontsmet is is more explicit and clause-based

Learners often find the second version easier to understand at first, because it spells out the idea as a wound that has been disinfected.

Usually it stays before the infinitive:

• Een ontsmette wond kan sneller genezen.

That is the most neutral and natural word order.

You generally would not say:

• Een ontsmette wond kan genezen sneller.

That sounds wrong in standard Dutch.

Dutch word order often places adverbs like sneller before the final infinitive or verb cluster. So sneller genezen is the normal pattern.