Anna hangt het schilderij op de muur.

Dutch main clauses follow the V2 rule: the finite verb occupies the second slot. For separable verbs like ophangen, the prefix (op) detaches from the verb and moves to the end of the clause, after object(s). The structure here is:

1. Subject (Anna)
2. Finite verb (hangt)
3. Direct object (het schilderij)
4. Separable prefix at the end (op) plus its complement (de muur)

• hangen (intransitive): “to hang” or “to be hanging” (e.g. Het schilderij hangt aan de muur = The painting is hanging on the wall).
• ophangen (separable, transitive): “to hang up,” i.e. you actively place something so that it hangs.

In Anna hangt het schilderij op, Anna is actively hanging up the painting, so we use ophangen.

Dutch has two definite articles:

• de for common-gender nouns
• het for neuter-gender nouns

Schilderij (painting) is neuter ⇒ het schilderij.
Muur (wall) is common ⇒ de muur.

You must learn each noun’s gender to know whether to use de or het.

Yes. Two common patterns:

1. Intransitive hangen
   • preposition aan:
     • Anna hangt het schilderij aan de muur. (“Anna hangs the painting on the wall.”)
2. Separable ophangen:
   • Anna hangt het schilderij aan de muur op. (prefix op at the very end)

Most speakers prefer the first pattern to avoid stacking particles.