Learn Hardcore Dutch: Een kleurige regenboog verschijnt boven het stadion nadat de regen stopt. - A colorful rainbow appears above the stadium after the rain stops.

In Dutch, attributive adjectives normally take an -e ending when the noun they modify is common gender (de-words) or plural, whether the article is definite (de) or indefinite (een). Since regenboog is a common-gender noun (de regenboog) and appears with een, the adjective must be kleurige. Only indefinite neuter singular nouns (het-words with een) skip the -e.

What’s the difference between kleurig and kleurrijk?

Both adjectives translate as “colourful,” but with a slight nuance: • kleurig literally means “having colours” (multi-coloured).
• kleurrijk emphasizes a richness or abundance of colours (vibrant).
They’re often interchangeable, though kleurrijk is more common when you want “very colourful.”

Why is regenboog written as one word?

Dutch regularly forms compounds by joining two nouns into a single word without spaces. Here regen (rain) + boog (bow) combine to regenboog (rainbow).

Why do we use een for regenboog but het for stadion?

een is the indefinite article (“a”), used when we’re introducing something non-specific: een kleurige regenboog = “a colourful rainbow.”
het is the definite article (“the”) for neuter nouns. stadion is a loanword treated as neuter in Dutch, so its definite article is het: het stadion = “the stadium.”

Why is the verb verschijnt placed immediately after Een kleurige regenboog?

Dutch main clauses follow the verb-second (V2) rule: the finite verb must be the second element. With Een kleurige regenboog occupying the first slot as subject, verschijnt (appears) correctly comes second.

In the subordinate clause nadat de regen stopt, why is stopt at the end?

Subordinating conjunctions like nadat (“after”) trigger verb-final word order in Dutch subordinate clauses. That pushes the finite verb (stopt) to the very end of that clause.

Should there be a comma before nadat?

Adding a comma before a final subordinate clause is optional in Dutch. Both are acceptable: • Without comma: Een kleurige regenboog verschijnt boven het stadion nadat de regen stopt.
• With comma: Een kleurige regenboog verschijnt boven het stadion, nadat de regen stopt.
Many writers omit the comma when the subordinate clause follows the main clause directly.

Can we start the sentence with Nadat de regen stopt?

Yes. If you front the subordinate clause, you must:

Add a comma after it.
Keep verb-second in the main clause.
So you get: Nadat de regen stopt, verschijnt een kleurige regenboog boven het stadion.

Why is boven used here? Could we say over?

boven means “above” in a spatial sense (directly higher than).
over can mean “across” or “about,” but not typically “positioned above.”
To say something appears overhead or higher up, you use boven, so verschijnt boven het stadion is correct.

Why is stoppen intransitive here (no object)?

stoppen can be both transitive (“to stop something”) and intransitive (“to come to a stop”). When rain “stops,” there is no object being stopped; it simply ceases, so de regen stopt is perfectly natural.