De veertiende student is hier.

Because student is a de-word in Dutch. In modern Dutch, singular nouns are either de nouns (common gender) or het nouns (neuter). Student takes de, so you say de student.

Also, de is used for:

• singular common-gender nouns: de student
• all plural nouns: de studenten

Veertiende is the ordinal form of veertien (fourteen), so it means fourteenth.

Dutch forms ordinals like this:

• een → eerste = first
• twee → tweede = second
• drie → derde = third
• vier → vierde = fourth
• veertien → veertiende = fourteenth

So in this sentence, veertiende student means the fourteenth student.

Ordinals in Dutch often behave like adjectives when they come before a noun. In de veertiende student, the ordinal is being used attributively, so you get veertiende.

This is the normal form you would expect here:

• de eerste dag
• de tweede keer
• de veertiende student

So veertiende is the correct form before student.

Usually student in Dutch means a college/university student, much like in English. For a school pupil, Dutch more often uses leerling.

So depending on context:

• student = student, especially in higher education
• leerling = pupil/student in school

That said, in some contexts learners may still see student used more broadly, but leerling is the safer word for schoolchildren.

This is a normal Dutch main clause, and Dutch main clauses usually follow subject + finite verb + rest.

So here:

• De veertiende student = subject
• is = finite verb
• hier = adverb of place

That gives:

• De veertiende student is hier.

This is very similar to basic English word order.

Yes, you can. That is also correct Dutch, but the emphasis changes.

• De veertiende student is hier.
  This starts with the subject and simply states that the fourteenth student is here.

• Hier is de veertiende student.
  This starts with hier, so the location gets more focus, almost like Here is the fourteenth student.

In Dutch main clauses, if something other than the subject comes first, the verb still stays in second position:

• Hier
  • is
    • de veertiende student

Yes. Hier is fairly flexible, although some positions sound more natural than others.

Common options include:

• De veertiende student is hier.
• Hier is de veertiende student.

Both are natural. The best choice depends on what you want to emphasize:

• the student
• or the fact that they are here

Yes, if the context makes it clear who or what you mean.

Dutch often leaves out the noun when it is understood:

• De veertiende is hier.

That would mean something like The fourteenth one is here or The fourteenth person is here, depending on context.

This is common in Dutch, especially when the noun has already been mentioned.

If you want the fourteenth students, you would need a different meaning, because fourteenth usually points to one item in an ordered sequence. So normally this sentence stays singular.

If you simply want the students are here, you would say:

• De studenten zijn hier.

Notice the changes:

• student → studenten
• is → zijn

Roughly, it sounds like VAIR-teen-duh in a broad English approximation, but the real Dutch pronunciation is more precise.

A more careful breakdown:

• veer has a Dutch vowel that is not exactly the same as English veer
• tien sounds roughly like teen
• de at the end is a weak duh sound

If you are learning pronunciation, it helps to listen to native audio, because Dutch vowels are important and often do not match English perfectly.

Only the first word is capitalized because it begins the sentence:

• De veertiende student is hier.

Otherwise:

• de is not capitalized in the middle of a sentence
• veertiende is not capitalized
• student is not capitalized
• hier is not capitalized

Dutch does not capitalize ordinary nouns the way German does.