De confetti valt op het boeket.

Because confetti is a de-word in Dutch. Nouns in Dutch usually take either de or het, and this is something you often just have to learn with the noun.

Also, confetti is treated as a mass noun here, like sand or water in English. Even with mass nouns, Dutch can still use a definite article when talking about specific confetti in the situation: de confetti.

So:

• de confetti = the confetti / the specific confetti being referred to

Because boeket is a het-word (a neuter noun). In Dutch, every singular noun takes either de or het:

• de tafel
• het boek
• het boeket

Unfortunately, there is no fully reliable rule that lets you predict this every time, so learners usually memorize the article together with the noun: het boeket.

Because the subject is de confetti, and in Dutch that is treated as singular here. The infinitive is vallen (to fall), but the present tense for hij/zij/het and other singular subjects is valt.

So:

• ik val
• jij valt
• hij/zij/het valt
• de confetti valt

Even though confetti may feel like a plural-ish idea in English, Dutch treats it as singular in this sentence.

Dutch often uses the simple present where English uses the present progressive.

So De confetti valt op het boeket can mean:

• The confetti falls on the bouquet
• The confetti is falling on the bouquet

In normal Dutch, the simple present is often enough to describe something happening right now.

If you really want to emphasize that the action is in progress, Dutch can use an aan het construction, for example:

• De confetti is op het boeket aan het vallen

But that is more marked and often less natural than the simple valt.

Here op means on or onto, depending on how you want to express it in English.

With a verb of movement like vallen, op often has the sense of movement toward a surface:

• vallen op het boeket = fall on / onto the bouquet

So the idea is that the confetti comes down and lands on the bouquet.

No. In this sentence, it is the ordinary verb vallen plus the preposition op.

That matters because opvallen is a different verb, meaning something like:

• to stand out
• to be noticeable

Compare:

• Het boeket valt op. = The bouquet stands out.
• De confetti valt op het boeket. = The confetti falls onto the bouquet.

A good clue is that in your sentence, op belongs with het boeket as a prepositional phrase: op het boeket.

Yes, but the sentence you have is the most neutral order:

• De confetti valt op het boeket.

This is the standard Dutch main-clause pattern:

• subject + finite verb + rest

You can move other parts for emphasis, but the finite verb still stays in the second position:

• Op het boeket valt de confetti.

That version is grammatical, but it sounds more marked or literary because it emphasizes op het boeket.

So for a learner, the safest default is the original order.

Sometimes, but it changes the feel.

• De confetti valt op het boeket = the confetti, specific confetti already known in the situation
• Confetti valt op het boeket = more general, headline-like, or less natural in ordinary conversation

If you want to introduce the idea more naturally, Dutch often uses er:

• Er valt confetti op het boeket.

That means something like Confetti is falling on the bouquet or There is confetti falling on the bouquet.

So the version with de sounds like you already know which confetti you are talking about.

Boeket is pronounced roughly like boo-KET.

A few helpful points:

• oe sounds like the vowel in food
• the stress is on the second syllable: boe-KET
• the final t is clearly pronounced

So a rough English-friendly guide would be:

• boeket → boo-KET

And confetti in Dutch is close to English, though the Dutch vowels are a bit different.