De jarige krijgt de verjaardagstaart.

De jarige literally means the person whose birthday it is or more naturally the birthday person.

Dutch often turns adjectives into nouns this way:

• de zieke = the sick person
• de oude = the old person
• de jarige = the person who has a birthday

So jarige comes from the idea of having a birthday / being a certain number of years old, and here it functions as a noun referring to a person.

It is very common and natural in Dutch.

Because jarige is being used as a noun here, it needs an article just like other nouns do.

So:

• de jarige = the birthday person
• een jarige = a birthday person / someone having a birthday

Even though jarige looks like an adjective, in this sentence it behaves like a noun.

When jarige means the birthday person, it is treated as a de-word.

So you say:

• de jarige
• een jarige

not:

• het jarige

This is something you mainly learn as a vocabulary fact: as a noun referring to a person, jarige takes de.

Krijgt is the present tense of krijgen for hij/zij/het or for a singular noun subject.

Conjugation:

• ik krijg
• jij krijgt
• hij/zij/het krijgt
• de jarige krijgt

Since de jarige is a singular subject, the verb takes the same form as hij/zij:

• De jarige krijgt ...

Yes. This is a basic subject–verb–object sentence:

• De jarige = subject
• krijgt = verb
• de verjaardagstaart = object

So the structure is: Subject + verb + object

That is the normal order in a simple main clause in Dutch.

Yes, it is one word because Dutch very often makes compound nouns.

Here:

• verjaardag = birthday
• taart = cake

Together:

• verjaardagstaart = birthday cake

This is very typical Dutch spelling. English often uses separate words, but Dutch usually combines them into one compound word.

Using de makes it definite: it refers to a specific birthday cake.

So:

• de verjaardagstaart = the birthday cake
• een verjaardagstaart = a birthday cake

Both are grammatically possible. The choice depends on context:

• De jarige krijgt de verjaardagstaart = the birthday person gets the birthday cake
• De jarige krijgt een verjaardagstaart = the birthday person gets a birthday cake

Yes. Verjaardag is a de-word:

• de verjaardag

And because the last part of a compound usually determines the gender/article, verjaardagstaart is also a de-word, since taart is a de-word:

• de taart
• de verjaardagstaart

Yes. De jarige can refer to any person whose birthday it is.

Dutch does not need to mark this word as male or female here. The article stays the same:

• de jarige = the birthday person

If needed, the rest of the sentence or the context can make the gender clear, but the phrase itself is neutral in that sense.

Yes, it is grammatical and natural. It sounds like a clear, standard sentence.

In real conversation, people might also say shorter or more context-dependent versions, such as:

• De jarige krijgt de taart.
• De jarige krijgt een taart.

But De jarige krijgt de verjaardagstaart is perfectly normal, especially if you want to be explicit.

Yes. Krijgen is very common and can mean things like:

• to get
• to receive
• sometimes to be given

In this sentence, it means that the birthday person receives the birthday cake.

So depending on context, English might translate it differently, but the core idea is receiving something.

The plural forms would be:

• de jarigen = the birthday people
• de verjaardagstaarten = the birthday cakes

And the verb would change too:

• De jarigen krijgen de verjaardagstaarten.

So:

• singular: de jarige krijgt
• plural: de jarigen krijgen