Læreren forklarer emnet kort, før vi går videre.

In Danish, -en is the usual definite ending for many common-gender nouns. So:

• en lærer = a teacher
• læreren = the teacher

Unlike English, Danish often puts the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word.

For the same reason: emnet is the definite form.

• et emne = a topic / a subject
• emnet = the topic / the subject

Here, the sentence refers to a specific topic, so Danish uses the definite form emnet.

Yes. forklarer is the present tense of at forklare = to explain.

• jeg forklarer = I explain / I am explaining
• læreren forklarer = the teacher explains / is explaining

In Danish, the present tense can often translate both the simple present and the present continuous in English, depending on context.

Here kort means briefly, not short in the adjective sense.

It is functioning as an adverb, describing how the teacher explains the topic:

• forklarer emnet kort = explains the topic briefly

This is very natural in Danish. English often uses briefly, while Danish often uses the adjective form as an adverb in this kind of sentence.

Because kort modifies the verb forklarer, not the noun emnet.

So the structure is roughly:

• Læreren = subject
• forklarer = verb
• emnet = object
• kort = adverb

So: The teacher explains the topic briefly.

If kort came directly before a noun in another context, it might be understood differently, but here its position clearly makes it an adverb.

før means before here.

It introduces the clause før vi går videre, which means:

• before we move on
• before we continue

So the whole sentence means that the teacher explains the topic briefly first, and only after that do we continue.

Because før introduces a subordinate clause, and Danish word order changes in subordinate clauses.

In a main clause, Danish often has verb second word order:

• Vi går videre. = We move on.

But after a subordinating conjunction like før, the subject usually comes before the verb:

• før vi går videre

So this is normal subordinate-clause word order in Danish.

videre means something like further, on, or ahead.

In the phrase gå videre, it usually means:

• move on
• continue
• go on to the next thing

So før vi går videre is a very common way to say before we move on.

Danish punctuation normally uses a comma before a subordinate clause, especially in more traditional or standard written style.

So in:

• Læreren forklarer emnet kort, før vi går videre.

the comma marks the beginning of the clause introduced by før.

You may notice some variation in comma style depending on the system being used, but this comma is completely normal and standard.

Yes, literally it is close to we go further, but idiomatically it usually means:

• we move on
• we continue

This is a good example of where a word-for-word translation is possible, but a more natural English translation sounds a little different.

That would sound unusual or awkward in normal Danish.

The natural order is:

• Læreren forklarer emnet kort

Danish usually places the direct object before this kind of adverb in a sentence like this. So emnet kort is the expected order here.

A few pronunciation points that often matter to English speakers:

• æ in læreren is a front vowel, somewhat like the vowel in English cat, but not exactly the same.
• ø in før does not exist in English. It is a rounded front vowel. English speakers often need practice to get it right.
• The r in Danish is also different from most English r sounds and often affects nearby vowels.
• Final consonants and unstressed syllables in Danish are often softer or reduced compared with how they look in writing.

A rough beginner-friendly guide might be:

• læreren ≈ LEH-rer-en with a Danish-style r
• før ≈ something like fur but with rounded lips and a different vowel

If you want, I can also break the whole sentence down word by word with approximate pronunciation.

Usually, Danish adds the definite article as an ending:

• en lærer → læreren
• et emne → emnet

This is one of the big differences from English. Danish does also use separate definite words like den, det, and de, but mostly when there is an adjective or in certain special structures. For example:

• emnet = the topic
• det vigtige emne = the important topic

So in this sentence, simple definite endings are enough.

Yes. It sounds natural and standard.

It is a very typical kind of sentence you might hear in a classroom, meeting, presentation, or discussion:

• The teacher explains the topic briefly, before we move on.

The vocabulary and grammar are straightforward and commonly used.