Termokanden står på bordet, så kaffen stadig er varm.

Those endings are the Danish definite article attached to the end of the noun.

• termokande → termokanden = the thermos/jug
• bord → bordet = the table
• kaffe → kaffen = the coffee

Danish usually puts the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English does.

Very roughly:

• common gender nouns often take -en
• neuter nouns often take -et

So here:

• en termokande → termokanden
• et bord → bordet
• kaffe → kaffen when it is specific

Yes. Danish usually writes compound nouns as one word.

So termokande is a compound noun, and then the definite ending is added to the whole thing:

• termokande = thermos jug / vacuum jug
• termokanden = the thermos jug

This is very normal in Danish. English often splits these ideas into two words, but Danish usually joins them.

Danish often uses position verbs where English would simply use is.

Here står literally means stands. It is used because the thermos is thought of as being in an upright position.

Common Danish position verbs include:

• stå = stand
• ligge = lie
• sidde = sit

So:

• Termokanden står på bordet sounds natural because a thermos normally stands upright on a table.

You could say Termokanden er på bordet, but it is more neutral and less vivid. Danish often prefers the position verb when it fits.

The basic form is stå.

Some common forms are:

• infinitive: stå
• present tense: står
• past tense: stod
• past participle: stået

So in this sentence, står is simply the present tense form.

Here så means so or so that, introducing the consequence or purpose of the first clause.

It is not the så that means so/very in something like så varm = so warm.

In this sentence, så links the two parts:

• first part: the thermos is on the table
• second part: the coffee is still warm

So så is functioning as a conjunction.

Because Danish can often use så by itself where English might use so that.

So a clause like:

• så kaffen stadig er varm

can work without at.

Using så at is possible in some contexts, but så alone is very common and often sounds smoother. For a learner, the important thing is that så can introduce this kind of result/purpose clause by itself.

This is a very important Danish word-order point.

In the clause så kaffen stadig er varm, the word order is subordinate clause word order. In subordinate clauses, sentence adverbs such as stadig, ikke, ofte, and so on typically come before the finite verb.

So:

• så kaffen stadig er varm

But in an independent main clause, you would normally say:

• Kaffen er stadig varm

So the position of stadig helps show that this clause is not structured like a normal standalone main clause.

Yes, you can, but it changes the structure slightly.

• så kaffen er stadig varm = more like a separate main clause after so
• så kaffen stadig er varm = subordinate-clause word order, closer to so that the coffee is still warm

So both can make sense, but they do not have exactly the same grammatical feel.

A useful contrast is:

• Kaffen er stadig varm = standalone statement
• så kaffen stadig er varm = clause introduced by så with subordinate word order

Because Danish can make mass nouns definite too, just like English can in phrases such as the coffee.

So:

• kaffe = coffee
• kaffen = the coffee

This means a specific coffee that both speaker and listener understand from the context.

The same happens with other mass nouns:

• vand → vandet
• mælk → mælken

So there is nothing unusual about kaffen here.

Because adjectives in Danish agree with the noun in gender and number, including when they come after er.

Here the subject is kaffen, which is common gender singular, so the adjective is:

• varm

Compare:

• kaffen er varm = common gender singular
• huset er varmt = neuter singular
• bøgerne er varme = plural / definite plural

So varm is the correct form because kaffen is not a neuter noun.

Here stadig means still in the sense of continuing to be.

So it suggests that the coffee was warm before and remains warm now.

It does not mean always. It is about continuity.

For example:

• Kaffen er stadig varm = the coffee is still warm
• Han bor stadig der = he still lives there

Because Danish normally uses commas to mark clause boundaries.

In this sentence, the comma separates:

• Termokanden står på bordet
• så kaffen stadig er varm

That comma is normal in written Danish. In general, Danish punctuation often makes clause structure more visible than English does.