Græskarret står stadig på terrassen, selvom det regner.

Because græskarret means the pumpkin, while græskar means a pumpkin or just pumpkin in a general sense.

Danish usually makes nouns definite by adding the article to the end of the noun:

• et græskar = a pumpkin
• græskarret = the pumpkin

So the sentence is talking about a specific pumpkin.

For the same reason: terrassen means the terrace, while terrasse means a terrace.

This noun is a common-gender noun:

• en terrasse = a terrace
• terrassen = the terrace

So på terrassen means on the terrace.

Danish often uses position verbs where English would simply use is.

The most common ones are:

• stå = stand
• ligge = lie
• sidde = sit

A pumpkin that is upright on the terrace is naturally described with står. So Danish prefers Græskarret står... rather than just Græskarret er...

If the pumpkin were lying on its side, Danish might use ligger instead.

Stadig means still.

It shows that the situation continues: the pumpkin remains on the terrace even now.

So står stadig på terrassen means something like is still standing on the terrace or is still on the terrace.

In a normal Danish main clause, the finite verb usually comes early, and adverbs like stadig often come after it.

So:

• Græskarret står stadig på terrassen

This is the natural order.

A very rough pattern is:

subject + finite verb + adverb + other information

Because på means on, and a terrace is thought of as a surface or open area that something is on.

So:

• på terrassen = on the terrace

Using i would suggest being in something enclosed, which is not how Danish normally talks about a terrace.

Selvom means although, even though, or though.

It is a conjunction that introduces a subordinate clause. In modern Danish it is normally written as one word: selvom.

So:

• selvom det regner = even though it is raining

Because selvom introduces a subordinate clause, and subordinate clauses do not use the normal main-clause inversion pattern.

After selvom, Danish usually keeps the order:

subject + verb

So:

• selvom det regner

not

• selvom regner det

The version with regner det would sound like main-clause or question word order, not normal subordinate-clause word order.

Because Danish uses a dummy subject with weather expressions, just like English does.

Compare:

• English: it is raining
• Danish: det regner

Here det does not refer to a specific thing. It is just the subject required by the grammar.

Danish does not have a special progressive form like English be + -ing.

So the simple present tense often covers both:

• it rains
• it is raining

That means det regner can mean either one, depending on context. In this sentence, the context clearly gives the ongoing meaning: it is raining.

Because selvom det regner is a subordinate clause, and standard Danish spelling normally places a comma before subordinate clauses.

So the comma helps show the structure:

• main clause: Græskarret står stadig på terrassen
• subordinate clause: selvom det regner

Yes. You could also say:

Selvom det regner, står græskarret stadig på terrassen.

That is also correct.

When a subordinate clause comes first in Danish, the main clause still follows the usual rule that the finite verb comes in the second position. That is why you get:

• Selvom det regner, står græskarret stadig på terrassen

not

• Selvom det regner, græskarret står stadig på terrassen