Alarmtrykket er ved nødudgangen.

Because Danish usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

• indefinite: et alarmtryk
• definite: alarmtrykket

The ending -et shows that the noun is:

• singular
• definite
• neuter gender

A useful rule is that in Danish compound nouns, the last part decides the gender. Here the last part is tryk, which is a neuter noun, so the compound becomes et alarmtryk → alarmtrykket.

For the same reason: Danish attaches the definite article to the noun.

• indefinite: en nødudgang
• definite: nødudgangen

The ending -en shows that the noun is:

• singular
• definite
• common gender

The last part of this compound is udgang, which is a common-gender noun, so the whole compound is en nødudgang.

Because Danish usually expresses the by adding an ending to the noun.

So instead of saying something like the alarm button with a separate article, Danish says:

• alarmtrykket = the alarm button / the alarm push
• nødudgangen = the emergency exit

This is one of the biggest differences from English noun structure.

Here ved means something like by, near, or at.

So Alarmtrykket er ved nødudgangen means the alarm button is located by / near the emergency exit, not inside it or on top of it.

Compare:

• ved nødudgangen = by the emergency exit
• i nødudgangen = in the emergency exit
• på nødudgangen = on the emergency exit

In this sentence, ved is the natural choice because it describes location next to something.

Danish loves compound nouns, and both key nouns here are compounds.

1. alarmtryk

   • alarm
     • tryk
   • literally something like alarm press / alarm push
   • in context, this refers to an alarm button or alarm activation point

2. nødudgang

   • nød
     • udgang
   • literally emergency exit

A very important rule: the last part of the compound controls the grammatical gender and the definite ending.

So:

• tryk → neuter → alarmtrykket
• udgang → common gender → nødudgangen

This is the normal Danish word order for a simple statement:

• Alarmtrykket = subject
• er = verb
• ved nødudgangen = place expression

So the structure is basically:

Subject + verb + location

This is very similar to English:

• The alarm button is by the emergency exit

Danish main clauses usually follow the verb-second rule, meaning the finite verb is in the second position. Here the subject comes first, so the verb naturally comes right after it.

Yes. You could also say:

Ved nødudgangen er alarmtrykket.

That is grammatically possible because Danish allows different elements to come first. But if you move ved nødudgangen to the front, the verb still has to stay in second position:

• Ved nødudgangen = first element
• er = second position
• alarmtrykket = subject after the verb

This version gives more emphasis to the location. The original sentence is the more neutral, straightforward version.

You have to know the noun’s grammatical gender.

Danish singular nouns are mainly either:

• common gender → usually en in the indefinite form, -en in the definite form
• neuter gender → usually et in the indefinite form, -et in the definite form

In this sentence:

• en nødudgang → nødudgangen
• et alarmtryk → alarmtrykket

With compound nouns, the gender normally comes from the final element:

• udgang is common gender
• tryk is neuter

So the compound follows that same gender.

Yes. Er is the present tense of at være, which means to be.

So:

• jeg er = I am
• du er = you are
• det er = it is
• alarmtrykket er = the alarm button is

In this sentence, er simply links the subject to its location.

Yes. This sentence talks about one specific alarm button and one specific emergency exit, so singular definite nouns are natural:

• alarmtrykket = the alarm button
• nødudgangen = the emergency exit

If you wanted plural, the forms would change completely. For example:

• alarmtrykkene = the alarm buttons
• nødudgangene = the emergency exits

So the sentence is clearly about one specific item in one specific place.

It would be:

Et alarmtryk er ved en nødudgang.

That means:

• an alarm button is by an emergency exit

This is grammatically fine, but it sounds much less specific. The original sentence with alarmtrykket and nødudgangen refers to known, specific things, which is often what you want in instructions, signs, or building information.