Udløbsdatoen står på kortet.

Because -en marks the definite form of the noun: the expiry date.

• udløbsdato = expiry date / expiration date
• udløbsdatoen = the expiry date

In Danish, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun instead of being a separate word like the in English.

Because kort is a neuter noun.

Danish nouns usually belong to one of two genders:

• common gender → often takes -en in the definite singular
• neuter gender → often takes -et in the definite singular

So:

• et kort = a card
• kortet = the card

That is why the sentence says på kortet = on the card.

In Danish, the definite article is usually added to the noun itself.

Compare:

• en dato = a date

• datoen = the date

• et kort = a card
• kortet = the card

So English uses a separate word (the), but Danish often uses an ending instead.

Yes, står literally means stands, but Danish often uses stå for text or information that is written somewhere.

So Udløbsdatoen står på kortet literally feels like:

• The expiry date stands on the card

But natural English is:

• The expiry date is on the card
• The expiry date is printed on the card
• The expiry date appears on the card

This is a very common Danish usage.

Yes, you could, and it would be understandable. But står på kortet is often more natural when talking about written information.

The difference is roughly:

• er på kortet = is on the card (more general)
• står på kortet = is written on the card / appears on the card

So står gives a slightly more specific sense: the date is written there.

Because the information is considered to be on the surface of the card, not inside it.

• på = on
• i = in

With printed text, labels, dates, names, and numbers, Danish often uses på:

• Det står på pakken = It is written on the package
• Hans navn står på listen = His name is on the list

So på kortet is the natural choice here.

The basic form is udløbsdato.

It is a compound noun:

• udløb = expiry, expiration
• dato = date

Together:

• udløbsdato = expiry date
• udløbsdatoen = the expiry date

Danish makes compound nouns very freely, much like English and German.

Yes. This is a normal main-clause pattern:

• Udløbsdatoen = subject
• står = verb
• på kortet = prepositional phrase

So the structure is:

• Subject + verb + other information

That is the standard pattern in simple Danish statements.

It is capitalized here only because it is the first word of the sentence.

In modern Danish, nouns are not capitalized just because they are nouns. That is different from German.

So:

• en dato
• et kort
• udløbsdatoen

Only the first word of a sentence and proper names are capitalized in normal writing.

A rough learner-friendly guide would be something like:

• ud-løbs-da-to-en

A few points:

• ø is a vowel that does not exist in English; it is similar to the vowel in French deux or German schön
• datoen is often pronounced smoothly, almost like da-to-en with the vowels flowing together
• Danish pronunciation is often softer and less clearly separated than spelling suggests

If you are learning pronunciation, it helps to hear this word from native audio, because Danish vowel quality and rhythm are hard to guess from spelling alone.

No, kort can mean more than one thing depending on context.

Common meanings include:

• card
• map
• short (as an adjective, though that is a different grammatical use)

In this sentence, kortet clearly means the card, because an expiry date is something you expect on a bank card, ID card, or similar object.

Yes, udløbsdato is the standard and very common word.

You may also come across related expressions depending on context, but udløbsdato is the normal word to learn for labels, cards, food packaging, and official information.

For example:

• Udløbsdatoen står på pakken = The expiry date is on the package
• Se udløbsdatoen = Check the expiry date

It could, but that would mean something more like the card’s expiry date.

For example:

• Kortets udløbsdato står på forsiden = The card’s expiry date is on the front

In your sentence, the focus is simply on where the expiry date is written:

• Udløbsdatoen står på kortet = The expiry date is on the card

So Danish chooses the simpler structure here.