Příští týden koupíme babičce dárek a malý dort k narozeninám.

In Czech, expressions of time often appear without a preposition.

So příští týden means next week in the same way that English says next week, not in the next week.

Here, týden is in the accusative singular, which is common in time expressions:

• příští týden = next week
• každý den = every day
• celý večer = the whole evening

You can say v příštím týdnu, but it usually sounds more specific, like during the next week, and is less neutral in everyday speech.

Because koupit is a perfective verb. In Czech, perfective verbs form the future with the present-tense endings.

So:

• koupíme literally looks like present tense
• but with a perfective verb, it means we will buy

This is very normal in Czech:

• udělám = I will do
• napíšeš = you will write
• koupíme = we will buy

If you wanted an ongoing or repeated future action, Czech would usually use an imperfective verb with budu / budeš / bude... etc.

Babičce is in the dative singular.

It answers the question to whom? / for whom?
In this sentence, the grandmother is the person who will receive the things being bought.

So:

• koupíme dárek = we will buy a gift
• koupíme babičce dárek = we will buy grandma a gift

This is the same pattern as with many Czech verbs involving giving, sending, showing, buying for someone, and so on.

Examples:

• Dám mamince květiny. = I’ll give Mum flowers.
• Pošlu kamarádovi zprávu. = I’ll send my friend a message.
• Koupíme babičce dárek. = We’ll buy Grandma a gift.

Because Czech nouns change form according to case.

The basic dictionary form is babička.
But after the idea to/for grandma, Czech uses the dative singular, so the form becomes babičce.

This is part of Czech declension:

• babička = grandmother
• babičce = to/for grandmother

So the ending changes because the noun’s grammatical role changes.

They are the direct objects of koupíme, so they are in the accusative case.

We are buying:

• dárek = a gift
• malý dort = a small cake

With masculine inanimate nouns like dárek and dort, the accusative singular is often the same as the nominative singular:

• dárek → dárek
• dort → dort

The adjective must match the noun, so:

• malý dort = a small cake

Here malý is also in the accusative singular masculine inanimate, which happens to look the same as the nominative.

Yes. A simply means and, joining the two direct objects:

• dárek
• malý dort

The dative babičce applies naturally to both:

• we will buy Grandma a gift
• and a small cake

So the structure is understood as: koupíme babičce [dárek] a [malý dort]

K narozeninám means for a birthday / for someone’s birthday in the sense of as a birthday gift / on the occasion of a birthday.

The preposition k takes the dative case, so narozeniny becomes narozeninám.

Why plural? Because narozeniny (birthday) is one of those Czech nouns that is normally used in the plural form.

So:

• narozeniny = birthday
• k narozeninám = for a birthday / for the birthday occasion

This is a very common phrase:

• dárek k narozeninám = birthday present
• přání k narozeninám = birthday card / birthday wishes

Yes, but the nuance is a little different.

• k narozeninám often means as a birthday present / for the birthday occasion
• na narozeniny often means for the birthday event / for the birthday day

In many everyday situations, the two can overlap, but in this sentence k narozeninám sounds very natural because the gift and cake are being bought as birthday things for Grandma.

So:

• dárek k narozeninám = a birthday gift
• dort na narozeniny = a cake for a birthday celebration

In real speech, both may appear, but k narozeninám fits very well here.

Yes, Czech word order is fairly flexible, because the cases show the grammatical roles.

This sentence has a very neutral, natural order:

• Příští týden = time first
• koupíme = verb
• babičce = recipient
• dárek a malý dort = things being bought
• k narozeninám = purpose/occasion

You could rearrange it for emphasis, for example:

• Babičce koupíme příští týden dárek a malý dort k narozeninám.
• Dárek a malý dort koupíme babičce příští týden k narozeninám.

These are still understandable, but they place emphasis in different places. The original sentence sounds smooth and normal.

It can mean both, depending on context and translation style.

In real usage, babička is very often the warm, everyday word grandma rather than the more formal grandmother.

So in this sentence, English would very naturally say Grandma:

• Next week we’ll buy Grandma a gift and a small cake for her birthday.

Czech often leaves that kind of possessive idea unstated when it is obvious from context.

Since the sentence already says babičce (for Grandma / to Grandma), it is clear whose birthday is meant. So k narozeninám is enough.

English usually prefers for her birthday, but Czech does not need an extra possessive here.

If you added one, it would sound more explicit, but it is usually unnecessary in a sentence like this.