Kam asks about a destination or direction: where someone is going to.
So in this sentence, kam is used because jdeš describes movement.
Czech often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.
Here, -eš in jdeš already tells you it means you singular.
So:
English needs you, but Czech usually does not.
Because the preposition po here requires the locative case.
The dictionary form is práce = work, but after po it changes to práci.
So:
This is a very common pattern in Czech: the preposition changes the form of the noun.
It usually means after work in this situation, often after work today.
So Kam jdeš po práci? most naturally means something like Where are you going after work?
If you wanted to ask about a habit or repeated action, Czech would often use chodit instead:
So jdeš sounds more like a specific occasion, while chodíš sounds habitual.
Yes. Czech often uses the present tense for a planned or expected future action, especially with verbs of motion.
So Kam jdeš po práci? is literally present tense, but in natural English it is usually translated as Where are you going after work?
That is very normal Czech usage.
This is the most neutral and natural word order for this question.
Czech word order is flexible, so other orders are possible, but they sound more marked or emphasize something different. For example:
Yes, but the meaning changes slightly.
So:
In standard Czech, that distinction matters.
Because Czech has no articles.
English uses words like a, an, and the, but Czech does not. The meaning is understood from context.
So po práci is simply after work, with no article needed.