Kapitán týmu dostane cenu pro vítěze.

A literal breakdown is:

• Kapitán = captain
• týmu = of the team
• dostane = will get / will receive
• cenu = prize
• pro vítěze = for the winner

So the structure is basically captain of-the-team will-receive prize for-the-winner.

A very natural English rendering often changes the structure a bit, especially kapitán týmu, which English usually expresses as the team captain rather than the captain of the team.

Czech often does not need a separate word like will here.

Dostane comes from the verb dostat, which is a perfective verb. In Czech, perfective verbs normally use their present-tense forms to talk about a future completed event. So:

• dostane = will get / will receive

If you wanted a present or habitual meaning like gets or is getting, you would usually use the imperfective verb dostávat:

• dostává = gets / is getting

So this is a very common Czech pattern: no separate will, because the verb form itself already carries that future meaning.

Because týmu is the genitive singular form of tým.

In kapitán týmu, the second noun tells you whose captain it is: captain of the team. Czech often expresses this kind of relationship with the genitive case:

• tým = team
• týmu = of the team

So:

• kapitán týmu = captain of the team = team captain

This is one of the most common uses of the genitive in Czech.

Because cenu is the accusative singular of cena.

The noun cena is the direct object of dostane, because it is the thing being received. In Czech, direct objects usually go in the accusative:

• cena = prize, award
• cenu = prize, award as a direct object

So:

• Kapitán dostane cenu = The captain will receive a/the prize

The preposition pro normally takes the accusative case when it means for.

The base form is:

• vítěz = winner

After pro, it changes to the accusative:

• pro vítěze = for the winner

This is also affected by the fact that vítěz is a masculine animate noun. Masculine animate nouns often have special accusative forms, so you should not expect them to stay the same as the dictionary form.

Yes, in isolation vítěze can be ambiguous.

Depending on context, pro vítěze can mean:

• for the winner
  or
• for the winners

Czech often leaves this to context. Since the meaning has already been given to the learner, you know which one is intended here. But grammatically, the form itself can be ambiguous.

Because Czech does not have articles like English the and a/an.

That means Czech often leaves definiteness to context. So a noun like kapitán or cenu can mean:

• the captain or a captain
• the prize or a prize

depending on the situation.

Sometimes Czech can use words like ten to make something more definite, but ten is not a normal article in the same way English uses the.

The word order can change. Czech word order is much more flexible than English because the case endings show what each noun is doing.

This sentence has a neutral, straightforward order:

• Kapitán týmu dostane cenu pro vítěze.

But Czech could also say things like:

• Cenu pro vítěze dostane kapitán týmu.
• Kapitán týmu cenu pro vítěze dostane.

These versions still express basically the same core meaning, but they shift the focus or emphasis. The original order sounds neutral and natural.

In this sentence, pro vítěze most naturally describes cenu:

• cena pro vítěze = a prize for the winner

So the phrase is best understood as one noun phrase: the prize for the winner.

If Czech wanted to emphasize that someone receives a prize on behalf of the winner, it would often use a different wording to make that clearer. So here, the most natural reading is that pro vítěze tells you what kind of prize it is.

Yes, it is very normal.

Czech often uses the pattern noun + genitive noun where English might prefer a compound noun. So:

• kapitán týmu = captain of the team = team captain

English often compresses this into one expression, but Czech commonly keeps the of the team relationship visible through the genitive case.