Tabulka výsledků ukazuje vítězný tým.

Because Czech often uses the genitive where English uses of.

So tabulka výsledků literally means table of results.

• výsledek = result
• výsledků = of results

Here it is genitive plural, because the sentence is talking about more than one result.

Tabulka is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence: it is the thing that shows something.

You can spot that from the verb too:

• tabulka = singular
• ukazuje = he/she/it shows, also singular

So they match.

Czech does not have articles like a and the.

That means a noun such as tabulka can mean:

• a table/chart
• the table/chart

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, English uses the, but Czech simply does not need to say it.

Ukazuje is the 3rd person singular present tense of ukazovat.

It agrees with the singular subject tabulka:

• já ukazuji / ukazuju = I show
• ty ukazuješ = you show
• on/ona/ono ukazuje = he/she/it shows

Since tabulka is grammatically singular, the verb must also be singular: ukazuje.

It is the direct object of the verb ukazuje, so it is in the accusative.

The verb ukazovat normally takes an accusative object: you show something.

So:

• ukazuje co? = shows what?
• vítězný tým = the winning team

That is why vítězný tým is the object.

Because tým is a masculine inanimate noun.

For many masculine inanimate nouns in Czech, the accusative singular looks the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• tým = nominative singular
• tým = accusative singular

That is completely normal.

Compare that with a masculine animate noun, where the accusative often changes:

• pes = dog
• vidím psa = I see the dog

But with tým, there is no visible change in this sentence.

Because adjectives in Czech must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, tým is:

• masculine
• singular
• accusative
• inanimate

So the adjective takes the matching form vítězný.

That is why you get:

• vítězný tým

If the noun changed, the adjective would change too. For example:

• vítězná tabulka = winning table/chart
• vítězné týmy = winning teams

Yes, Czech word order is more flexible than English word order.

The given sentence is a neutral, natural order:

• Tabulka výsledků ukazuje vítězný tým.

This is basically subject + verb + object.

You can change the order for emphasis, but it changes what feels most important or most natural. For example:

• Vítězný tým ukazuje tabulka výsledků.
  This puts more emphasis on vítězný tým.

So the original version is the best choice for a plain, straightforward statement.

Because Czech often expresses this relationship by using a noun plus the genitive, without any extra preposition.

So instead of saying something like table of results with a separate word for of, Czech simply says:

• tabulka výsledků

This pattern is extremely common in Czech. Similar examples are:

• sklenice vody = a glass of water
• konec filmu = the end of the film
• seznam studentů = a list of students

Not usually in this sentence.

Here tabulka means something like:

• chart
• table
• score table
• results table

The ordinary word for a physical table you eat at or work at is usually stůl.

So in this sentence, tabulka výsledků is best understood as a results table/chart, not a piece of furniture.

This is a question of aspect, which is very important in Czech.

• ukazuje = imperfective
• ukáže = perfective

In a sentence like this, ukazuje is natural because it describes what the table shows as a general or current fact.

Ukáže would usually mean something more like will show or will reveal/show once.

So for a static statement about what a results table displays, ukazuje is the right choice.