Trhovec prodává sezónní zeleninu.

Trhovec means a market seller / market trader / vendor, especially someone selling at a market stall.

It is understandable, but depending on context, native speakers might also use other words such as:

• prodavač = seller, salesperson
• stánkař = stallholder
• zelinář = greengrocer / vegetable seller

So trhovec is valid, but it is a bit more specific and may sound less common than some everyday alternatives.

Prodává is the 3rd person singular present tense of prodávat = to sell.

So:

• já prodávám = I sell / I am selling
• ty prodáváš = you sell
• on/ona prodává = he/she sells

Like many Czech present-tense forms, it can often correspond to either the simple present or the present continuous in English, depending on context.

Because it is the direct object of the verb prodává.

The seller is selling what? → sezónní zeleninu

In Czech, direct objects often go into the accusative case.

• nominative: zelenina = vegetables
• accusative: zeleninu = vegetables (as the object)

So the ending changes because of the noun’s grammatical role in the sentence.

Because some adjectives have the same form in nominative and accusative feminine singular.

Here:

• nominative: sezónní zelenina
• accusative: sezónní zeleninu

The noun changes, but the adjective sezónní stays the same. That is normal for this type of adjective.

The important point is that the adjective still agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case, even if the visible form does not change.

In this sentence, zelenina means vegetables as a general category.

Czech often uses zelenina as a collective or mass noun, similar to how English can say vegetables in a general sense.

So:

• zelenina = vegetables / produce / vegetable matter in general
• zeleninu = that same noun in the accusative

If you want to talk about individual vegetables, Czech often uses plural forms like:

• zeleniny in some contexts, or more commonly specific items:
  • mrkev = carrot
  • rajčata = tomatoes
  • okurky = cucumbers

Because Czech has no articles.

So Trhovec prodává sezónní zeleninu can mean:

• A market seller sells seasonal vegetables
• The market seller sells seasonal vegetables

Which one sounds best depends on context. Czech usually leaves that distinction to the situation, word order, or other clues.

Trhovec is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the sentence.

It is the person doing the action:

• Trhovec = the market seller
• prodává = sells
• sezónní zeleninu = seasonal vegetables

So the sentence structure is:

subject + verb + object

Not completely. Czech word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Trhovec prodává sezónní zeleninu.

But other orders are possible, for example:

• Sezónní zeleninu prodává trhovec.
• Prodává sezónní zeleninu trhovec.

These alternatives can sound more marked, contrastive, or context-dependent. For a learner, the original sentence is the most straightforward and neutral version.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation guide is:

Trhovec prodává sezónní zeleninu
≈ TR-ho-vets pro-DA-va: se-ZO:n-yee ZE-le-ni-nu

A few helpful notes:

• Czech stress is usually on the first syllable of each word.
• c is pronounced like ts
• á is a long vowel
• ó is a long vowel
• ní sounds roughly like nee, but with a softer n

A more careful approximation:

• Trhovec = TR-ho-vets
• prodává = PRO-da-vaa
• sezónní = SE-zoon-nee
• zeleninu = ZE-le-ni-nu

Because sezónní is the normal adjective meaning seasonal.

It comes from sezóna = season, but Czech does not always form adjectives in the same way English does. The standard adjective here is simply:

• sezónní zelenina = seasonal vegetables

You should learn sezónní as a vocabulary item.

Yes. Prodávat is imperfective.

That matters because Czech verbs often come in aspect pairs:

• prodávat = imperfective, selling as an ongoing/repeated activity
• prodat = perfective, to sell completely / to make a sale

So:

• Trhovec prodává sezónní zeleninu.
  = The seller sells / is selling seasonal vegetables.

If you used the perfective prodat in the present tense, it would usually refer to the future:

• Trhovec prodá sezónní zeleninu.
  = The seller will sell the seasonal vegetables.

So the imperfective form is the natural one here.

You may see both sezónní and sezonní, depending on spelling preferences, dictionaries, or style, but sezónní is very common and widely accepted.

For learners, the safest approach is:

• recognize both if you see them
• use the form your textbook, teacher, or dictionary prefers consistently

The meaning is the same: seasonal.

You would change both the subject and the verb:

• Trhovci prodávají sezónní zeleninu.
  = Market sellers sell seasonal vegetables.

Changes:

• trhovec → trhovci (plural subject)
• prodává → prodávají (3rd person plural verb)

The object stays:

• sezónní zeleninu

because it is still a feminine singular mass/collective noun in the accusative.