Farmářský trh je na náměstí.

Farmářský is a regular adjective meaning farmer-related or farmers’. In Czech, this is a very natural way to form expressions like farmers’ market.

• farmářský trh = farmers’ market
• trh farmářů literally means market of farmers, which is understandable but less like the standard fixed term
• farmářův is a possessive adjective meaning a particular farmer’s, so farmářův trh would sound more like one farmer’s market, not the general idea of a farmers’ market

So farmářský trh is the normal phrase.

Because it has to agree with trh, which is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

Czech adjectives agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case.

Since trh is masculine singular nominative, the adjective also takes the masculine singular nominative ending:

• farmářský trh

If the noun changed, the adjective would change too.

Trh is a masculine inanimate noun.

That matters because gender affects:

• adjective endings
• some pronoun forms
• case endings

For example:

• nominative singular: trh
• nominative plural: trhy

And because it is masculine inanimate, the adjective in the nominative singular is farmářský.

Here je is the 3rd person singular of být = to be.

• je = is

In this sentence, Czech normally keeps the verb:

• Farmářský trh je na náměstí.

Unlike in some languages, you generally do not omit to be in ordinary present-tense statements like this.

So a version without je would sound incomplete or wrong in standard Czech.

Yes, na often means on, but with places it can also mean something closer to at or in, depending on Czech usage.

With náměstí (square), Czech normally says:

• na náměstí = in / at the square

This is just the standard preposition used with that place noun. English and Czech do not always choose the same preposition.

So even if English says in the square or at the town square, Czech uses na náměstí.

Here náměstí is in the locative case.

The preposition na can take different cases depending on meaning:

• na + accusative for motion toward a place
• na + locative for location at a place

In this sentence, the market is already located there, so Czech uses na + locative:

• je na náměstí = is in/at the square

If you were talking about movement, you would use the accusative:

• Jdu na náměstí. = I’m going to the square.

Good question. Náměstí is a neuter noun, and in this declension pattern some forms are identical.

So:

• nominative singular: náměstí
• accusative singular: náměstí
• locative singular: náměstí

Even though the form stays the same, the case is still different grammatically. You know it is locative here because of the preposition na and the meaning of location.

Náměstí is neuter.

A useful clue is that many Czech neuter nouns end in:

• -o
• -e
• -í

Since náměstí ends in -í, learners often correctly suspect it is neuter.

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English word order.

The sentence:

• Farmářský trh je na náměstí.

is a neutral way to say it.

But you could also say:

• Na náměstí je farmářský trh.

This puts more focus on the location, and it can sound a bit like There is a farmers’ market in the square.

So both are grammatical, but the information focus changes.

Czech has no articles like the and a, so the sentence can mean either, depending on context.

• Farmářský trh je na náměstí.
  could mean The farmers’ market is in the square or A farmers’ market is in the square.

In real conversation, context tells you which one is intended.

This is one of the most common things English speakers notice when learning Czech.

A few pronunciation points help here:

• á = long a
• ě changes the pronunciation of the consonant before it
• í = long ee
• ř is the famous Czech sound, something like a rolled r mixed with zh

Roughly:

• farmářský ≈ far-maa-rzh-skee
• náměstí ≈ naa-mnye-stee

A more careful note on náměstí:

• mě is pronounced approximately mnye
• stress in Czech is usually on the first syllable, so:
  • FAR-mář-ský
  • NÁ-měs-tí

Yes, trh is singular here:

• farmářský trh = a/the farmers’ market

The plural is:

• trhy = markets

So:

• Farmářské trhy jsou na náměstí. = The farmers’ markets are in the square.

Notice that both the noun and adjective change in the plural.

Only if the grammar shows motion.

With na, Czech distinguishes:

• location → usually locative
• movement toward → usually accusative

Examples:

• Je na náměstí. = He/It is in the square.
  locative
• Jde na náměstí. = He is going to the square.
  accusative

Because náměstí has the same form in both cases, you often tell the difference from the verb and the meaning.

In your sentence, je shows location, so it means in/at the square, not movement.