Daňové přiznání ukazuje vratku daně.

Because přiznání is a neuter singular noun, and Czech adjectives must agree with the noun they describe.

• base adjective: daňový = tax, tax-related
• neuter singular nominative/accusative form: daňové

So:

• daňový would be masculine singular
• daňová would be feminine singular
• daňové is correct for přiznání

That is why you get daňové přiznání.

It is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing doing the action of ukazuje.

In this sentence:

• Daňové přiznání = subject
• ukazuje = verb
• vratku daně = object

A useful detail: with neuter nouns like přiznání, the nominative and accusative often look the same, so the form itself does not change here.

Ukazuje is the 3rd person singular present tense of ukazovat.

It is singular because the subject daňové přiznání is singular.

So:

• ukazuji = I show
• ukazuješ = you show
• ukazuje = he/she/it shows

Here it means shows or is showing, depending on context. Czech present tense can cover both simple present and present continuous meanings that English separates.

Because vratku is the accusative singular form of vratka.

In this sentence, vratka is the direct object — the thing being shown — so it must go into the accusative.

• nominative: vratka
• accusative: vratku

So:

• vratka = a refund, refund amount
• ukazuje vratku = shows a refund

Because daně is in the genitive singular.

Czech often uses the genitive after a noun to express of something. Here:

• vratka daně = refund of tax

So:

• daň = tax
• daně = of tax

This is a very common pattern in Czech noun phrases.

Also, in real-life Czech, you may sometimes hear other ways to say something similar, such as vratka na dani, but vratka daně is grammatically clear and understandable.

Good question, because daně can represent more than one grammatical form.

It can be:

• genitive singular of daň = of tax
• nominative plural = taxes
• accusative plural = taxes
• vocative singular in some contexts

Here it means genitive singular because it depends on vratku:

• vratka daně = refund of tax

The structure of the phrase tells you the meaning, not just the ending by itself.

Because Czech has no articles.

English distinguishes:

• a tax return
• the tax return

Czech usually just says:

• daňové přiznání

The exact meaning depends on context. So this sentence could be understood as:

• The tax return shows a tax refund
• A tax return shows the tax refund
• or another context-based variation

Czech leaves that information unstated unless it needs to be made clear in some other way.

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English word order because grammatical endings show the roles of the words.

The neutral order here is:

• Daňové přiznání ukazuje vratku daně.

That is a normal subject–verb–object order.

But other orders are possible, for example to emphasize a different part:

• Vratku daně ukazuje daňové přiznání.

That would sound more marked and would usually depend on context or emphasis. The basic meaning stays the same because the case endings still show who is doing what.

A few useful pronunciation points:

• ň sounds a bit like ny in canyon
• ř is a special Czech sound with no exact English equivalent
• á, é, í are long vowels
• Czech stress usually falls on the first syllable

Roughly:

• daňové ≈ DAN-yo-veh
• přiznání ≈ PRZHIZ-naa-nee (very approximate)

More importantly than the rough English approximation:

• stress the first syllable: DA-ňo-vé, PŘI-zná-ní
• keep the long vowels clearly long: -vé, -ná-, -ní

Yes. Přiznání is a noun related to the verb přiznat or přiznávat, depending on meaning and aspect.

In everyday Czech, daňové přiznání is a fixed expression meaning tax return or tax declaration.

So even if the noun historically connects to the idea of declaring or admitting, in this phrase you should learn it as a standard set term:

• daňové přiznání = tax return

That is the most useful way to remember it.