Strom roste na zahradě.

• strom = tree
• roste = grows / is growing
• na = usually on, but here it is part of the natural Czech expression for location
• zahradě = garden in the locative singular form

So the sentence means The tree grows in the garden / The tree is growing in the garden.

Because na is expressing a location here, and after na Czech usually uses the locative case when talking about where something is.

The basic dictionary form is zahrada.
In the locative singular, it becomes zahradě.

So:

• zahrada = garden
• na zahradě = in/on the garden

This is one of the first big differences from English: Czech changes noun endings depending on their role in the sentence.

This is a very common learner question, because English usually says in the garden.

In Czech, na zahradě is the normal, idiomatic way to say in the garden / in the yard / out in the garden area.

Very roughly:

• na zahradě = the usual expression for being in the garden area
• v zahradě can exist, but it sounds more like inside a garden space, such as a formal garden, park garden, botanical garden, or when emphasizing being within its boundaries

So in everyday speech, na zahradě is what you would normally expect.

Roste is the 3rd person singular present tense form of the verb růst, which means to grow.

So:

• já rostu = I grow / am growing
• ty rosteš = you grow / are growing
• on/ona/ono roste = he/she/it grows / is growing

Since strom is singular and means tree, the verb must also be singular: strom roste.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Czech present tense often covers both:

• The tree grows in the garden
• The tree is growing in the garden

English makes a stronger distinction between simple present and present continuous, but Czech often does not need a separate form here.

Because Czech does not have articles like English.

So strom can mean:

• a tree
• the tree

Which one is meant depends on context.

That is completely normal in Czech. Learners often want to insert something equivalent to the, but usually Czech simply does not do that.

Strom is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing doing the action of growing.

The basic form is already strom, so nothing changes here.

In this sentence:

• strom = subject, nominative
• roste = verb
• na zahradě = location phrase

Yes. Strom is a masculine inanimate noun.

That matters because Czech nouns belong to grammatical genders, and gender affects adjectives, pronouns, and sometimes verb agreement in other tenses.

Here, you do not see a big effect yet, but it is useful to know the noun’s gender early.

Yes. Czech word order is much more flexible than English word order.

The neutral version is:

• Strom roste na zahradě.

But you could also say:

• Na zahradě roste strom.

Both are grammatical. The difference is mainly one of focus or emphasis.

For example:

• Strom roste na zahradě. = neutral, starting with the tree
• Na zahradě roste strom. = starts with the location, something like In the garden, there is a tree growing

Czech uses word order partly to show what is already known and what is new information.

A rough pronunciation is ZAH-hra-dyeh.

A few helpful points:

• za sounds like za in bizarre, but shorter
• hra has a rolled or tapped r
• dě is not exactly deh; the d becomes softer before ě

That final dě is approximately like dye in English, though not perfectly.

So a rough learner-friendly version is:

• zahradě ≈ ZAH-hra-dyeh

Literally, na often means on, but prepositions in Czech do not always match English one-to-one.

Here, na zahradě is simply the normal Czech way to express location in a garden area.

So even though English says in the garden, Czech says na zahradě.

This is best learned as a set phrase:

• na zahradě = in the garden

It can do either, depending on context.

It may mean:

• a general fact: The tree grows in the garden
• something currently happening: The tree is growing in the garden

Czech present tense is often broad enough to cover both meanings unless the context makes one interpretation more obvious.

It would be grammatical, but it means something different.

• Strom roste na zahradě. = The tree grows / is growing in the garden
• Strom je na zahradě. = The tree is in the garden

So je only tells you where the tree is.
roste tells you that the tree is growing there.