Ten pán čeká venku.

Ten is literally the masculine singular form of that, but in everyday Czech it is also very often used in a way that feels close to the in English.

So in Ten pán čeká venku, ten pán can mean something like:

• that man / that gentleman
• or, depending on context, almost the man / the gentleman

Czech has no true definite article like English the, so words like ten, ta, to sometimes help make a noun feel more definite or identifiable.

Pán usually means man, gentleman, or sir, depending on context.

It is a polite or neutral word, not just a basic biological word for male. Compare:

• muž = man, male adult
• pán = gentleman, sir, man (often more polite or socially framed)

So ten pán often sounds like that gentleman or that man.

Because the verb čekat (to wait) is being conjugated for third person singular: he/she/it waits.

The present-tense forms are:

• čekám = I wait / I am waiting
• čekáš = you wait
• čeká = he/she/it waits

Since ten pán is he, the correct form is čeká.

It can mean both.

Czech present tense often covers both the simple present and the present continuous meanings that English separates:

• čeká = waits
• čeká = is waiting

In this sentence, English would usually translate it as is waiting, but the Czech form itself is just the normal present tense.

Because Czech does not need a separate verb like English is to form the present continuous.

English says:

• The man is waiting outside.

Czech simply uses the present tense of the main verb:

• Ten pán čeká venku.

So čeká already carries the meaning waits / is waiting.

Venku means outside in the sense of being outside or located outside.

• venku = outside, outdoors
• ven = out, outside, usually with motion

So:

• čeká venku = is waiting outside
• jde ven = is going out

A useful distinction is:

• venku = location
• ven = direction or movement

Yes, absolutely.

Pán čeká venku is grammatical and natural. Without ten, it may sound a bit less specifically identifiable, depending on context.

Compare:

• Pán čeká venku. = A man / the gentleman is waiting outside.
• Ten pán čeká venku. = That man / that gentleman is waiting outside.

Adding ten often makes the person more specific.

It is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.

The subject is the person doing the action:

• ten pán = the one who is waiting

So the sentence structure is:

• ten pán = subject, nominative
• čeká = verb
• venku = adverb

No. Venku is an adverb, not a noun.

That means it does not change for case here. It simply tells you where the waiting happens.

So this is not a preposition + noun structure like in the house. It is just a single adverb meaning outside.

Yes, you could.

Czech word order is more flexible than English, because grammatical roles are shown more by endings than by position. But word order still affects emphasis and information structure.

For example:

• Ten pán čeká venku. = neutral statement
• Venku čeká ten pán. = emphasizes outside
• Čeká venku ten pán. = possible, but less neutral and more context-driven

So the original order is the most straightforward and neutral.

A rough English-friendly guide would be:

ten paan chekaa ven-koo

A few key points:

• á is a long vowel, so pán and čeká have a longer a
• č sounds like ch in chair
• e is usually like e in bed, not like English ee
• u in venku sounds like oo in book or food, depending on accent, but keep it clearly as u, not yoo

A more careful approximation:

• Ten = ten
• pán = paan
• čeká = che-kaa
• venku = ven-koo

Yes, it matters.

The accent mark in Czech usually shows vowel length, not stress. So:

• a = short vowel
• á = long vowel

This can change pronunciation and sometimes meaning, so it is important to learn and write it correctly.

In this sentence:

• pán has a long á
• čeká has a long final á

The dictionary form is čekat, which means to wait.

In Czech, verbs are usually listed in the infinitive, often ending in -t:

• čekat = to wait

Then you conjugate it:

• čekám
• čekáš
• čeká
• etc.

So čeká is just the conjugated form of čekat.

Yes, it is masculine singular.

You can tell from both words:

• ten is the masculine singular form of that
• pán is a masculine noun

Also, pán refers to a male person, so it belongs to the masculine animate category, which is important in Czech grammar because masculine animate nouns often behave differently from masculine inanimate nouns in some cases.

Here, though, in the nominative singular, you just see:

• ten pán

Not usually in this sentence by itself.

Pán can correspond to sir in some contexts, especially in polite address or formal expressions, but in Ten pán čeká venku, it is more naturally understood as:

• that man
• that gentleman

If you were speaking directly to someone, pane! or expressions with pán could function more like sir. But here it is simply referring to a man.