Spolubydlící vysává pokoj a já vytírám kuchyni.

Spolubydlící means roommate / flatmate / housemate — someone you live with.

In this sentence, you cannot tell the gender from spolubydlící alone. The word can refer to a man or a woman, and the verb form vysává does not show gender either. Gender would become clearer in other contexts, for example in the past tense or with adjectives.

Czech often leaves this kind of thing to context. The sentence literally just says spolubydlící.

If you want to say my roommate explicitly, you can say:

• můj spolubydlící = my male roommate
• moje spolubydlící = my female roommate

So the original sentence is a little less explicit than natural English often is.

Because Czech does not have articles.

So:

• spolubydlící can mean a roommate, the roommate, or just roommate, depending on context.
• pokoj can mean a room or the room
• kuchyni can mean a kitchen or the kitchen

Czech relies on context, word order, and the situation instead of articles.

Both verbs are in the present tense:

• vysává = vacuums / is vacuuming
• vytírám = I mop / I am mopping

In Czech, the present tense can cover both:

• a habitual meaning: My roommate vacuums the room and I mop the kitchen
• an ongoing right-now meaning: My roommate is vacuuming the room and I’m mopping the kitchen

You usually know which one is meant from context.

Yes — it could.

Czech often drops subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who is doing the action. So:

• vytírám kuchyni already means I am mopping the kitchen

Adding já gives a bit of contrast or emphasis, something like:

• and I’m mopping the kitchen
• and as for me, I’m mopping the kitchen

So já is not required, but it sounds natural here because the sentence contrasts two people doing two different chores.

Because they agree with different subjects.

• spolubydlící vysává = the roommate vacuums / is vacuuming

  • vysává is 3rd person singular
  • meaning he/she vacuums or is vacuuming

• já vytírám = I mop / I am mopping

  • vytírám is 1st person singular
  • meaning I mop or I am mopping

So the endings help tell you who is doing the action.

The infinitives are:

• vysávat = to vacuum
• vytírat = to mop, literally to wipe out / wipe up, but in this context it means to mop the floor

The sentence uses present-tense forms:

• vysávat → vysává
• vytírat → vytírám

They are both direct objects, so they are in the accusative case.

• pokoj is the accusative singular of pokoj

  • for this masculine inanimate noun, nominative and accusative look the same

• kuchyni is the accusative singular of kuchyně

  • dictionary form: kuchyně
  • accusative: kuchyni

So:

• vysává pokoj = vacuums the room
• vytírám kuchyni = I mop the kitchen

Because these verbs are being used with a direct object.

Czech commonly says:

• vysávat pokoj = to vacuum the room
• vytírat kuchyni = to mop the kitchen

This treats the room as the thing being cleaned.

If you said v pokoji or v kuchyni, that would emphasize location instead:

• vysává v pokoji = he/she is vacuuming in the room

That is grammatically possible in some contexts, but it is not the normal way to say vacuum the room or mop the kitchen.

Not usually. In everyday Czech, vytírat kuchyni normally means to mop the floor in the kitchen.

So Czech often uses the name of the room where English might say something more specific like:

• mop the kitchen floor

Similarly:

• vysávat pokoj usually means to vacuum the floor/carpet in the room

Yes. Both verbs here are imperfective:

• vysávat → imperfective
• vytírat → imperfective

That is why they work naturally for:

• actions in progress
• repeated or habitual actions

Their perfective partners are:

• vysát = to vacuum up / vacuum completely
• vytřít = to mop / wipe completely

If you used the perfective present forms, they would usually refer to the future, not to something happening right now:

• Spolubydlící vysaje pokoj a já vytřu kuchyni.
• My roommate will vacuum the room and I’ll mop the kitchen.

Yes. Czech word order is fairly flexible.

The original sentence has a neutral, natural order:

• Spolubydlící vysává pokoj a já vytírám kuchyni.

But other orders are possible if you want different emphasis, for example:

• Já vytírám kuchyni a spolubydlící vysává pokoj.
• Pokoj vysává spolubydlící a kuchyni vytírám já.

Those versions are not random — they change what sounds most important or contrasted. So Czech word order is not as fixed as English word order.

The accent marks show vowel length, not stress.

• á = long a
• í = long i

So:

• vysává has long vowels
• vytírám also has long vowels

In Czech, stress is usually on the first syllable of the word, so the accents do not tell you where to stress it. They tell you how long to hold the vowel.