Nestydíš se?

The base verb is stydět se.

It means to be ashamed, to feel ashamed, or sometimes to feel embarrassed depending on context.

In this sentence, the form stydíš se is the 2nd person singular present tense:

• (ty) stydíš se = you are ashamed / you feel ashamed

With negation:

• nestydíš se = you are not ashamed

So the whole sentence literally means Aren’t you ashamed?

Se is a reflexive particle that belongs with the verb stydět se.

In Czech, many verbs are used with se or si, and learners often need to memorize them as part of the verb:

• stydět se = to be ashamed
• bát se = to be afraid
• smát se = to laugh

So se is not optional here. You normally cannot just say Nestydíš? if you mean Aren’t you ashamed?

In other words, learn the whole verb as:

• stydět se, not just stydět

Stydíš is:

• present tense
• 2nd person singular
• used with ty = you (informal singular)

A short conjugation of stydět se in the present tense is:

• (já) stydím se = I am ashamed
• (ty) stydíš se = you are ashamed
• (on/ona/ono) stydí se = he/she/it is ashamed
• (my) stydíme se = we are ashamed
• (vy) stydíte se = you are ashamed
• (oni) stydí se = they are ashamed

So Nestydíš se? is speaking to one person informally.

Because Czech often omits subject pronouns when they are clear from the verb ending.

The ending -íš already tells you the subject is ty:

• stydíš se = you are ashamed

So:

• Nestydíš se? is completely normal
• Ty se nestydíš? is also possible, but now ty is added for emphasis, contrast, or surprise

Czech does this much more often than English.

Yes. Nestydíš se? is informal singular, used with ty.

If you are speaking formally to one person, or to more than one person, you use vy:

• Nestydíte se?

So:

• Nestydíš se? = Are you ashamed? / Aren’t you ashamed? — to one person informally
• Nestydíte se? = the same idea, but formal or plural

Yes, literally it is very close to Are you not ashamed? or Aren’t you ashamed?

But in real use, it often has a stronger emotional tone, like:

• Shame on you!
• How can you not be ashamed?
• You should be ashamed of yourself.

So although the grammar is just a negative question, the tone is often accusatory, critical, or indignant.

In Czech, negation is usually formed by adding ne- directly to the verb.

So:

• stydíš se = you are ashamed
• nestydíš se = you are not ashamed

This is the normal Czech way to negate verbs. Unlike English, Czech does not need a separate do not here.

Czech word order is flexible, but se is a clitic, and clitics usually tend to appear in the second position of the sentence.

In a very short sentence like this, the natural order is:

• Nestydíš se?

That sounds standard and neutral.

Other orders are possible in broader contexts, for example:

• Ty se nestydíš? = You’re not ashamed? / Aren’t you ashamed? with emphasis on you
• To se nestydíš? = You’re not ashamed of that? / How can you not be ashamed?

So the word order can change for emphasis, but Nestydíš se? is the basic form.

A rough English-friendly pronunciation is:

NE-sty-deesh se

A few useful points:

• Czech stress is almost always on the first syllable: NE-stydíš
• y is not like English y in my; it is a short vowel
• íš sounds roughly like eesh
• se is pronounced seh

A more careful approximation:

• ne-STY-deesh seh

It often is.

Nestydíš se? is usually not a neutral question asking about someone’s feelings. Very often it is a reproach or moral criticism.

Depending on tone and situation, it can sound like:

• Aren’t you ashamed?
• Have you no shame?
• You should be ashamed.

So you should be careful using it. It can sound quite direct and judgmental.

Yes.

• Stydíš se? = Are you ashamed? / Are you embarrassed?
• Nestydíš se? = Aren’t you ashamed?

The positive question can be a real question about someone’s feelings.

The negative question often suggests that the speaker expects the answer to be yes, you should be ashamed, or is expressing criticism.

So:

• Stydíš se? is more neutral
• Nestydíš se? is often more emotional or accusatory

Yes. They come from the same verb stydět se.

• Nestydíš se? = Aren’t you ashamed? — a question
• Nestyď se! = Don’t be shy! / Don’t be embarrassed! — a command

This is a useful reminder that stydět se can cover both:

• being ashamed
• feeling shy or embarrassed

The exact translation depends on context. In Nestydíš se?, the meaning is usually the stronger ashamed sense.