Pronajímatel poslal kopii.

Pronajímatel means landlord or, more literally, the person who rents something out.

A few useful notes:

• In housing, it is the normal word for landlord.
• It is a masculine noun.
• The feminine form is pronajímatelka = landlady / female landlord.
• The opposite word is nájemce = tenant.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• pronajímatel → PRO-na-yee-ma-tel
• poslal → POS-lal
• kopii → KO-pi-i

Helpful pronunciation points:

• Czech stress usually falls on the first syllable of each word.
• j sounds like English y.
• í is a long vowel, like a long ee.
• In kopii, the two i letters are both pronounced; do not collapse them into one short sound.

Poslal is the past tense form of poslat, which means to send.

More specifically, it is:

• masculine
• singular
• past

It matches the subject pronajímatel, which is masculine singular.

Compare:

• pronajímatel poslal = the landlord sent
• pronajímatelka poslala = the landlady sent
• pronajímatelé poslali = the landlords sent

Czech past tense works differently from English.

In the 3rd person, Czech usually does not show a separate auxiliary word in the past tense. So:

• on poslal = he sent
• pronajímatel poslal = the landlord sent

There is no extra word corresponding to English has here. Depending on context, poslal can mean either:

• sent
• has sent

So Czech does not make the English sent / has sent distinction in the same way.

The dictionary form is kopie = copy.

In this sentence, copy is the direct object of sent, so Czech uses the accusative singular. For this noun, the accusative singular is kopii.

So:

• kopie = nominative form
• kopii = accusative form

This is a normal pattern for many feminine nouns ending in -ie.

Czech uses case endings to show what each noun is doing in the sentence.

Here:

• pronajímatel is in the nominative case, which is the usual case for the subject
• kopii is in the accusative case, which is the usual case for the direct object

So the sentence structure is:

• pronajímatel = the one who did the action
• poslal = sent
• kopii = the thing that was sent

This is one reason Czech word order can be more flexible than English.

Yes. Poslat is a perfective verb.

That means poslal presents the action as a completed whole:

• the landlord sent the copy

The imperfective partner is posílat.

Its past form is posílal, which usually focuses more on:

• the process
• repetition
• an ongoing action

Compare:

• Pronajímatel poslal kopii. = The landlord sent / has sent a copy.
• Pronajímatel posílal kopii. = The landlord was sending a copy / was in the process of sending it.

English and Czech aspect do not match perfectly, but this is the main idea.

Czech has no articles.

So Pronajímatel poslal kopii could mean, depending on context:

• The landlord sent a copy
• A landlord sent a copy
• sometimes even The landlord sent the copy

Czech usually leaves this to context.

If you want to make it more explicit, Czech can use other words, for example:

• ten pronajímatel = that / the landlord
• jednu kopii = one copy, a single copy

Yes. Czech word order is fairly flexible.

Pronajímatel poslal kopii. is a neutral, natural order.

But you could also hear things like:

• Kopii poslal pronajímatel.
• Pronajímatel kopii poslal.

The basic meaning stays similar, but the focus changes:

• what is new information
• what is being emphasized
• what contrasts with something else

Because Czech uses case endings, word order is often more about emphasis than basic grammar.