El gimnàs té un nom.

El means the. Catalan often uses the definite article when referring to a specific thing, just like English does.

So:

• el gimnàs = the gym
• gimnàs on its own = gym in a more general or dictionary-style sense

In this sentence, we are talking about a particular gym, so el is natural.

The accent matters a lot here.

• té = has (from the verb tenir, to have)
• te = tea

So El gimnàs té un nom means The gym has a name, not The gym tea a name.

The accent also shows the stressed syllable: té is stressed on the only syllable.

Té is the 3rd person singular form of tenir (to have).

A few useful forms:

• jo tinc = I have
• tu tens = you have
• ell / ella / vostè té = he / she / you have

Since el gimnàs is a singular noun, Catalan uses the same form as he/she/it: té.

Because nom is a masculine noun in Catalan.

So:

• un nom = a name
• el nom = the name

If a noun is feminine, you would usually use una instead.

This is something you often just have to learn with the noun:

• nom is masculine
• therefore un nom, el nom

Yes, in this sentence it is very similar:

• El gimnàs = the subject
• té = the verb
• un nom = the object

So it follows the basic pattern:

subject + verb + object

That makes this sentence very straightforward for an English speaker.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation is roughly:

jee m-NAS

A bit more carefully:

• gi sounds like the beginning of English gym
• mn are both written, though the cluster may feel unusual to English speakers
• the final às is stressed

The written accent in gimnàs tells you the stress falls on the last syllable: gim-NÀS.

The accent in gimnàs shows where the stress goes.

Without going too deep into spelling rules, the accent tells you the stress is on the final syllable:

• gimnàs → stress on -nàs

This is very important in Catalan, because stress is not always predictable just from the spelling.

Not with the same meaning.

• té un nom = it has a name
• té nom would sound unusual here and would not be the normal way to say this idea

In Catalan, when you mean a name as a countable thing, you normally use the article:

• un nom

So the given sentence is the natural standard phrasing.

Yes, Catalan uses tenir in the same natural way English uses to have for possession or characteristics.

So:

• El gimnàs té un nom = The gym has a name

This is completely normal Catalan.

A different structure like Hi ha un nom... would mean There is a name..., which is a different idea.

No, not exactly.

Nom is a short word, roughly like:

nom

with an o sound, not like the English diphthong in name.

So:

• Catalan nom = one syllable
• English name = also one syllable, but with a very different vowel sound

It is best to treat nom as its own Catalan word rather than trying to map it too closely onto English pronunciation.