La baralla és sobre la taula.

Yes. Both baralla and taula are feminine singular nouns, so they take the definite article la.

• la baralla
• la taula

In Catalan, articles must agree with the noun in gender and number.

A quick note: noun gender in Catalan does not always match English logic, so it is something you often just have to learn with the noun.

És is the 3rd person singular form of the verb ser (to be), so here it means is.

The accent matters:

• és = is
• es = a pronoun, often meaning something like oneself / himself / herself / itself depending on the sentence

So the accent helps distinguish two different words.

Yes. This follows a very common Catalan sentence pattern:

subject + verb + prepositional phrase

So here you have:

• La baralla = subject
• és = verb
• sobre la taula = location phrase

This is a normal, straightforward word order in Catalan, just like The deck is on the table in English.

That is a very common question. Sobre can mean different things depending on context.

In Catalan, sobre can mean:

• on / above in a physical sense
• about / concerning in an abstract sense

In this sentence, because we are talking about the location of something relative to the table, sobre means on or on top of.

So here it is a location preposition, not about.

It is understandable and correct, but many speakers very often prefer:

• damunt la taula
• damunt de la taula
• a sobre de la taula

These are very common for a literal physical location.

So:

• La baralla és sobre la taula = correct
• La baralla és damunt la taula = also natural
• La baralla és a sobre de la taula = very natural in everyday speech

Depending on region and style, one option may sound more natural than another.

Because sobre and a sobre de are different but related expressions.

• sobre + noun can work directly: sobre la taula
• a sobre de + noun includes de: a sobre de la taula

So both patterns exist, but they are built differently.

Compare:

• sobre la taula
• a sobre de la taula

You should not mix them as sobre de la taula in this use.

Not with exactly the same meaning.

• a la taula usually means at the table
• sobre la taula means on the table

So if the deck is physically resting on top of the table, sobre la taula is more precise.

Compare:

• Som a la taula = We are at the table
• El llibre és sobre la taula = The book is on the table

No. Baralla can also mean quarrel, fight, or argument in other contexts.

So it is one of those words whose meaning depends heavily on context.

For example, depending on the situation:

• la baralla could be the deck of cards
• la baralla could also be the quarrel

In your sentence, since it is located on the table, the intended meaning is likely the deck of cards.

A learner-friendly pronunciation guide would be something like:

bə-RA-yə or ba-RA-ya, depending on accent and region.

A few useful points:

• the stress is on -ra-
• the ll in Catalan is often pronounced like a y sound in many accents
• the final a is often reduced in Eastern Catalan varieties, especially Central Catalan

So pronunciation may vary somewhat by dialect.

A simple learner-friendly guide:

• és sounds roughly like ess
• sobre sounds roughly like SO-brə or SO-bre, depending on dialect

A few details:

• és is stressed because it is only one syllable
• in many Eastern accents, the final -e in sobre is reduced
• in clearer citation-style pronunciation, you may hear something closer to SO-breh

Normally, no. In standard Catalan, you would usually keep the articles here:

• la baralla
• la taula

Catalan uses definite articles very regularly with ordinary countable nouns in sentences like this. Leaving them out would sound unnatural or ungrammatical in standard usage.

This is a very good learner question, especially if you know Spanish.

In Catalan, both ser and estar exist, but Catalan does not use them in exactly the same way as Spanish.

For location, Catalan often uses ser in many cases where a Spanish learner might expect estar.

So:

• La baralla és sobre la taula is normal Catalan

In modern Catalan, estar is also used in some contexts, especially to emphasize a temporary state or result, but ser for location is very common and fully standard.

Yes. You could say:

Sobre la taula és la baralla.

But this sounds more marked or literary. It puts special focus on the location.

The neutral, everyday order is:

La baralla és sobre la taula.

So as a learner, the original order is the best one to use first.

In Catalan, sobre la taula can also be figurative in some expressions, especially in the sense of under discussion or put forward for consideration.

For example, something can be posat sobre la taula in the sense of brought up or put on the table in discussion.

But in your sentence, the meaning is clearly literal: an object is physically on the table.