La sopa té una mica de sal.

Yes. In this sentence, té is the 3rd person singular form of tenir: it has.

Catalan often uses tenir in places where English might also use have:

• La sopa té sal = The soup has salt
• La casa té tres habitacions = The house has three rooms

So La sopa té una mica de sal is completely natural in Catalan.

Una mica de means a little bit of or simply a little.

It is a very common quantity expression in Catalan:

• una mica de pa = a little bread
• una mica d’aigua = a little water
• una mica de sucre = a little sugar

So in this sentence, una mica de sal means a little salt.

Because after expressions of quantity, Catalan normally uses de before the noun.

So you get:

• una mica de sal
• molt de temps
• un tros de pa

This is similar to saying a bit of salt in English, where of links the quantity expression to the noun.

After a quantity expression like una mica, Catalan usually uses de + noun without an article.

So:

• una mica de sal = correct
• una mica de la sal = different meaning

de la sal would usually mean of the salt, referring to a specific salt already known in context. For example:

• Només vull una mica de la sal que has comprat = I only want a little of the salt you bought

But in the basic sentence, sal is being used in a general, uncountable sense, so de sal is the normal form.

Catalan normally uses the definite article with nouns in many situations where English also uses the.

Here, La sopa means the soup:

• la = feminine singular definite article
• sopa = soup

So La sopa té una mica de sal literally begins with The soup...

Sal is generally feminine in Catalan: la sal.

That matters when you use an article or adjective with it:

• la sal
• massa salada if referring to something feminine as too salty

In this sentence, though, you do not see the article because it comes after una mica de.

The accent in té shows both stress and vowel quality.

It also helps distinguish it from te, which can mean tea.

So:

• té = has
• te = tea

This kind of written accent is very important in Catalan.

Té is pronounced roughly like teh, with a clear stressed e sound.

A simple approximation for English speakers:

• té ≈ teh

The whole sentence is approximately:

• La SO-pa TEH oo-na MEE-ca de SAL

This is only an approximation, but it helps with the rhythm and stress.

Yes, but it does not mean exactly the same thing.

• La sopa té una mica de sal = The soup has a little salt
• La sopa està salada = The soup is salty

The first sentence is more neutral and just talks about the presence of some salt.
The second describes the result or taste.

So they are related, but not identical.

No, this is a very normal Catalan word order:

• La sopa = subject
• té = verb
• una mica de sal = object / complement

So it follows the basic pattern: Subject + Verb + Object

That makes it an easy model sentence for beginners.

Yes. Depending on style and dialect, Catalan has other ways to express small quantity, such as:

• un poc de
• un xic de

But una mica de is extremely common and very safe to use in standard Catalan.

So for a learner, una mica de is a great expression to remember.