Per molt que plogui, ens aixoplugarem sota la lona.

Per molt que is a fixed expression meaning no matter how much, however much, or even if ... a lot.

So Per molt que plogui means something like:

• No matter how much it rains
• However much it may rain

It introduces a concession: the speaker is saying that even if the rain is very heavy, the result in the main clause will still happen.

Because per molt que normally triggers the subjunctive in Catalan.

Here, plogui is the present subjunctive of ploure (to rain). The subjunctive is used because the rain is being presented as a possible or hypothetical situation, not as a simple statement of fact.

Compare:

• Plou = it is raining / it rains
• Plourà = it will rain
• Plogui = it may rain / however much it rains

So in this sentence, plogui is the natural form after per molt que.

Plogui comes from the verb ploure (to rain), which is irregular.

Its present subjunctive forms are based on plogu-:

• que jo plogui
• que tu ploguis
• que ell/ella plogui
• que nosaltres ploguem
• que vosaltres plogueu
• que ells/elles ploguin

In this sentence, there is no stated subject like ell, because weather verbs in Catalan often work without an expressed subject, just like it rains in English uses a dummy it.

Ens aixoplugarem means we will shelter ourselves or more naturally we will take shelter.

It comes from the verb aixoplugar(-se), which is related to sheltering or protecting from rain.

• aixoplugar = to shelter someone/something
• aixoplugar-se = to take shelter

So:

• ens = ourselves / us
• aixoplugarem = we will shelter / take shelter

Together: we will take shelter.

Because the verb is being used reflexively: aixoplugar-se.

In Catalan, many verbs can appear with a reflexive pronoun when the subject does the action to themselves. Here, the idea is:

• we will shelter ourselves
• more natural English: we will take shelter

The pronoun changes with the subject:

• m’aixoplugaré = I will take shelter
• t’aixoplugaràs = you will take shelter
• s’aixoplugarà = he/she will take shelter
• ens aixoplugarem = we will take shelter

So ens matches we.

Yes. Aixoplugarem is the simple future of aixoplugar.

The ending -arem shows we will:

• aixoplugaré = I will shelter
• aixoplugaràs = you will shelter
• aixoplugarà = he/she will shelter
• aixoplugarem = we will shelter
• aixoplugareu = you all will shelter
• aixoplugaran = they will shelter

Because the sentence is about what the speakers will do, the future tense is used.

Sota means under or beneath.

La lona usually means canvas, tarpaulin, tarp, or sometimes a heavy sheet of fabric used as cover.

So sota la lona means:

• under the canvas
• under the tarp
• beneath the tarpaulin

The exact English word depends on context, but the core idea is sheltering under a protective cover.

Yes. Sota can be used on its own, and that is very normal.

So both of these are possible:

• sota la lona
• sota de la lona

In many contexts, sota without de is simpler and very common. The version in your sentence is perfectly natural.

The comma separates the concessive clause from the main clause:

• Per molt que plogui, = concessive part
• ens aixoplugarem sota la lona. = main statement

This is similar to English:

• No matter how much it rains, we’ll take shelter under the tarp.

The comma helps show that the first part sets up the condition or contrast, and the second part gives the main result.

Yes. You could also say:

Ens aixoplugarem sota la lona, per molt que plogui.

This keeps the same basic meaning. The difference is mostly one of emphasis and style:

• starting with Per molt que plogui highlights the obstacle first
• starting with Ens aixoplugarem sota la lona highlights the action first

Both are grammatical.

Yes, but it is not exactly the same nuance.

• Per molt que plogui = no matter how much it rains
• Encara que plogui molt = even if it rains a lot

Both are close, but per molt que emphasizes the idea of regardless of the degree. It sounds stronger in the sense of however much.

So:

• Per molt que plogui, ens aixoplugarem sota la lona. = Even if it rains a great deal, that will not change our plan.

• Encara que plogui molt, ens aixoplugarem sota la lona. = Even if it rains a lot, we’ll still take shelter under the tarp.

Both work, but per molt que is especially good for no matter how much.

Yes. Per molt que + subjunctive is a very useful and common structure.

You can use it with many verbs:

• Per molt que estudiïs, no ho aprendràs en un dia. = No matter how much you study, you won’t learn it in one day.

• Per molt que corrin, no arribaran a temps. = No matter how much they run, they won’t arrive on time.

• Per molt que ho intenti, no se’n surt. = No matter how much he tries, he can’t manage it.

So the sentence you were given is a very good model for learning this pattern.