الجورب والبنطال والسترة في سلة الغسيل.

Because this is a nominal sentence in Arabic. In the present tense, Arabic usually leaves out the verb to be.

So الجورب والبنطال والسترة في سلة الغسيل literally looks like:

the sock and the pants and the jacket in the laundry basket

but it naturally means:

The sock, the pants, and the jacket are in the laundry basket.

If you wanted was/were, then Arabic would normally use a verb such as كان.

The word و meaning and is written as a prefix-like clitic in Arabic, so it attaches directly to the following word:

• والبنطال
• والسترة

This is completely normal spelling. It is pronounced wa-.

In Arabic, each noun in a coordinated list is usually marked for definiteness separately.

So:

• الجورب = the sock
• البنطال = the pants / the trousers
• السترة = the jacket

Together:

الجورب والبنطال والسترة

If you removed الـ, the nouns would become indefinite:

جورب وبنطال وسترة
= a sock, pants / a pair of pants, and a jacket

Because Arabic often uses a singular noun for an item of clothing that English treats as plural in form.

So بنطال is grammatically singular in Arabic, but in English it is usually translated as:

• pants
• trousers
• sometimes a pair of pants

That is normal and not a mistake.

Because سلة الغسيل is an iḍāfa construction, often called a construct phrase.

It literally means:

basket of the laundry

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take الـ
• the whole phrase can still be definite if the second noun is definite

So:

سلة الغسيل
= the laundry basket

Even though سلة itself has no الـ, the whole phrase is definite because الغسيل is definite.

Here الغسيل is a noun, not a verb. It refers to laundry or washing.

So:

سلة الغسيل
means laundry basket or hamper

Depending on context, الغسيل can refer to:

• the washing
• the laundry
• clothes to be washed

The final ة is called tāʾ marbūṭa.

When a word ending in ة is said by itself, it is often heard as -a / -ah in pause. But when the word is connected to what follows—especially in an iḍāfa—the t sound appears.

So:

• سلة by itself ≈ salla(h)
• سلة الغسيل ≈ sallat al-ghasīl

That is why learners often hear a t sound even though the word seems to end in -a when isolated.

No. In السترة, the letter after الـ is س, which is a sun letter. With sun letters, the l sound of الـ is not pronounced separately; instead, it assimilates to the next consonant.

So السترة is pronounced roughly:

as-sitra

not:

al-sitra

Compare that with words in the sentence that begin with moon letters, where the l is pronounced:

• الجورب → al-jawrab
• الغسيل → al-ghasīl

A fully vocalized version is:

الجوربُ والبنطالُ والسترةُ في سلةِ الغسيلِ.

Those endings show the grammar:

• الجوربُ والبنطالُ والسترةُ are in the nominative
• في is a preposition, so سلةِ is genitive
• in the iḍāfa سلةِ الغسيلِ, الغسيلِ is also genitive

In normal modern writing, these short vowels are usually omitted, so you normally see:

الجورب والبنطال والسترة في سلة الغسيل.