منعم الملابس على الطاولة.

Because this is a present-tense nominal sentence. In Modern Standard Arabic, when you say that something is somewhere or is something in the present, you usually do not use a separate verb.

So منعم الملابس على الطاولة means The fabric softener is on the table, even though there is no written word for is.

If you wanted the past tense, you would normally use كان: كان منعم الملابس على الطاولة = The fabric softener was on the table.

It is two words, but together they form one noun phrase: منعم الملابس = fabric softener or clothes softener.

This is an iḍāfa construction, also called a construct phrase:

• منعم = softener
• الملابس = the clothes

Together, the phrase means something like softener of the clothes, which English expresses as fabric softener.

Because in an iḍāfa construction, the first noun normally does not take الـ.

So:

• منعم الملابس = the fabric softener
• not المنعم الملابس

The definiteness comes from the second noun:

• الملابس is definite because it has الـ
• that makes the whole phrase منعم الملابس definite

This is a very common Arabic pattern.

Because منعم الملابس is not an adjective + noun phrase here. It is a noun + noun iḍāfa phrase.

If you wanted to say soft clothes, you would normally use an adjective after the noun, such as:

• ملابس ناعمة = soft clothes
• الملابس الناعمة = the soft clothes

So:

• منعم الملابس = fabric softener
• ملابس ناعمة = soft clothes

Those are different structures.

In this sentence, it is read as munaʿʿim: مُنَعِّم.

A few helpful points:

• the ع sound is the Arabic letter ʿayn
• it is doubled here, so the pronunciation is heavier than a simple single ع
• Arabic writing without vowel marks often leaves this kind of detail unstated, so context helps you know the correct reading

So the full phrase is read approximately as munaʿʿim al-malābis.

In fully vocalized Arabic, this would be:

مُنَعِّمُ المَلَابِسِ عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ

Here is why:

• مُنَعِّمُ is nominative, because it is the subject of the nominal sentence
• المَلَابِسِ is genitive, because it is the second term of the iḍāfa
• الطَّاوِلَةِ is genitive, because it comes after the preposition على

In normal reading or everyday pronunciation, these final short vowels are often not fully pronounced, especially at the end of a pause.

على is the preposition meaning on.

So:

• على الطاولة = on the table

The whole prepositional phrase tells you the location of the fabric softener. In grammatical terms, it functions as the predicate of the sentence.

Because ط is a sun letter.

When الـ comes before a sun letter, the l sound of الـ is not pronounced, and the next consonant is doubled instead.

So:

• written: الطاولة
• pronounced: aṭ-ṭāwila at the beginning of speech

After another word, in connected pronunciation, you will often hear something like ʿalā ṭ-ṭāwila.

Yes, Arabic word order is somewhat flexible.

The basic version here is:

• منعم الملابس على الطاولة

But you may also see or hear:

• على الطاولة منعم الملابس

That can give a different emphasis, especially to the location. The original order is a straightforward, neutral way to say it.

Yes. It is a complete sentence in Arabic.

It has:

• a subject: منعم الملابس
• a predicate: على الطاولة

That is enough for a full present-tense nominal sentence in Arabic. Even without an explicit verb, it is grammatically complete and natural.