هذا شخص جيد.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the verb to be is usually not stated in the present tense.

So:

• هذا شخص جيد = This is a good person
• literally: This person good

Arabic understands the present-tense is automatically from the sentence structure.

If you wanted past tense, you would normally use كان:

• كان هذا شخصًا جيدًا = This was a good person

هذا means this.

It is the masculine singular demonstrative, so it is used with masculine singular nouns.
Since شخص is grammatically masculine and singular, هذا is the correct form.

Compare:

• هذا شخص جيد = This is a good person
• هذه امرأة جيدة = This is a good woman

So the choice of هذا depends on the gender and number of the noun it refers to.

شخص means person.

It is a very common noun in Arabic and is grammatically masculine, even though it can refer to a person of either sex in some contexts. In this sentence, it simply means a person.

Because it has no الـ (the), it is indefinite, so شخص here means a person, not the person.

In Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So:

• شخص جيد = a good person
• literally: person good

This is the normal order in Arabic, unlike English, where the adjective usually comes first.

More examples:

• كتاب جديد = a new book
• بيت كبير = a big house

Because جيد must agree with شخص, and شخص is masculine singular.

Arabic adjectives agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• and, in fully vocalized grammar, case

So here:

• شخص = masculine singular indefinite
• جيد = masculine singular indefinite

If the noun were feminine, the adjective would also be feminine:

• هذه شخصية جيدة
• هذه امرأة جيدة

Because the sentence means this is a good person, not this is the good person.

Both شخص and جيد are indefinite here:

• شخص = a person
• جيد = good describing an indefinite noun

In Arabic, when a noun is indefinite, its adjective is also indefinite.

Compare:

• هذا شخص جيد = This is a good person
• هذا الشخص الجيد = This is this/the good person or This good person

Notice that when the noun is definite with الـ, the adjective also takes الـ.

You can tell from its role in the phrase شخص جيد.

Here, جيد describes شخص, so it is functioning as an adjective: good.

Arabic often allows words to function in related ways depending on context, but in this sentence the structure is clearly:

• شخص = noun
• جيد = adjective describing that noun

Because it follows the noun and matches it in gender/number/definiteness, it is behaving as a normal adjective.

Yes, absolutely.

It is a normal nominal sentence in Arabic. A simple way to understand the structure is:

• هذا = this
• شخص جيد = a good person

Together: This is a good person

Arabic does not need an explicit present-tense is, so this is a complete and natural sentence.

Yes. هذا can refer to a person or a thing, as long as it is masculine singular and relatively near in context.

So all of these are possible:

• هذا كتاب = This is a book
• هذا رجل = This is a man
• هذا شخص جيد = This is a good person

It is not limited to objects.

Fully vocalized, it is usually written:

هَذَا شَخْصٌ جَيِّدٌ

Here is what is happening:

• هَذَا = this
• شَخْصٌ = a person with nominative tanwīn
• جَيِّدٌ = good with nominative tanwīn

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels and tanwīn are usually omitted, so you will often just see:

هذا شخص جيد

That is completely normal in everyday printed Arabic.

جيد is pronounced jayyid in standard pronunciation.

A helpful breakdown is:

• جَ = ja
• يِّ = yyi (with a doubled y sound)
• د = d

So: jayyid

In fully vocalized form, it is جَيِّد.

Learners sometimes guess jīd, but the standard form is jayyid.

Yes, if you specifically want to say This is a good man.

• هذا شخص جيد = This is a good person
• هذا رجل جيد = This is a good man

شخص is more general, while رجل specifically means man.

So the best choice depends on the meaning you want.

Demonstratives like هذا are already inherently definite.
They do not need الـ.

So هذا by itself already means something specific: this.

You do sometimes see هذا used together with a definite noun:

• هذا الشخص = this person

But هذا itself does not take الـ.

Both are useful ways to think about it:

• literal structure: This person good
• natural English meaning: This is a good person

The literal version helps you see how Arabic is built, while the natural English version gives the proper meaning.

For learners, it is often helpful to remember that Arabic present-tense nominal sentences often look like:

• X Y
• where English would say X is Y