بطاقة الهوية في الحقيبة.

Because this is a nominal sentence in Arabic. In the present tense, Arabic usually leaves out the verb to be.

So:

• بطاقة الهوية = the ID card
• في الحقيبة = in the bag

Together, they mean The ID card is in the bag even though there is no separate word for is.

If you wanted the past tense, you would normally use كان:

• كانت بطاقة الهوية في الحقيبة = The ID card was in the bag.

This is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construction or noun-to-noun possession structure.

In Arabic, when two nouns are linked like X of Y, the first noun usually:

• does not take ال
• does not take tanwīn

So:

• بطاقة الهوية = literally card of the identity
• natural English meaning: the identity card / the ID card

The first word بطاقة cannot take ال here. That is a basic rule of iḍāfa.

It is an iḍāfa phrase made of two nouns:

• بطاقة = card
• الهوية = identity

Their roles are:

• بطاقة = the first term of the iḍāfa (muḍāf)
• الهوية = the second term (muḍāf ilayh)

The second noun is in the genitive relationship, so in fully vowelled Arabic you would see:

• بِطَاقَةُ الهُوِيَّةِ

This structure often expresses:

• possession
• close association
• type/category

Here it means identity card, not just any random card plus identity.

In an iḍāfa, the definiteness of the whole phrase depends on the second noun.

Since الهوية is definite because it has ال, the whole phrase بطاقة الهوية is also definite.

So:

• بطاقة هوية = an identity card
• بطاقة الهوية = the identity card / the ID card

This is a very important Arabic pattern.

Because بطاقة ends in taa marbūṭa (ة).

A taa marbūṭa is often pronounced like -a when you stop at the word by itself:

• بطاقة → biṭāqa

But when the word is connected to what follows, especially in an iḍāfa, the ة is pronounced t:

• بطاقة الهوية → biṭāqat al-huwiyya

So this is a common and normal pronunciation rule.

In fully formal Arabic with case endings, the sentence would be:

• بِطَاقَةُ الهُوِيَّةِ فِي الحَقِيبَةِ

Here is why:

• بطاقةُ = nominative, because it is the subject/topic of the nominal sentence
• الهويةِ = genitive, because it is the second noun in the iḍāfa
• الحقيبةِ = genitive, because it comes after the preposition في

In most everyday writing, these endings are not written, so you usually just see:

• بطاقة الهوية في الحقيبة

Because it comes after the preposition في (in).

Prepositions in Arabic normally make the following noun genitive.

So:

• في الحقيبةِ = in the bag

This is the same pattern you get with many other prepositions, such as:

• على الطاولةِ = on the table
• من البيتِ = from the house
• إلى المدرسةِ = to the school

Yes. In this nominal sentence:

• بطاقة الهوية = the subject/topic
• في الحقيبة = the predicate/comment

The predicate here is a prepositional phrase. Arabic often uses a prepositional phrase as the predicate in sentences about location.

So structurally it is like:

• The ID card
  • in the bag
• meaning: The ID card is in the bag

Yes, that is possible.

• بطاقة الهوية في الحقيبة = neutral, straightforward
• في الحقيبة بطاقة الهوية = puts more focus on the location, in the bag

Both can work, depending on context and emphasis. Arabic is often more flexible than English with this kind of word order, especially in nominal sentences.

A helpful pronunciation is:

• biṭāqat al-huwiyya fī al-ḥaqība

A few notes:

• ط is an emphatic t
• ح is a deep breathy h
• هوية is pronounced roughly huwiyya
• الحقيبة begins with a regular al-, because ح is not a sun letter

So the ل in ال is pronounced clearly in both:

• الهوية
• الحقيبة

Yes, it is a very common expression for ID card or identity card.

Arabic often expresses this kind of idea with iḍāfa:

• بطاقة الهوية = identity card
• رقم الهاتف = phone number
• باب البيت = the door of the house / the house door

So for a learner, it is useful to memorize بطاقة الهوية as one common unit.

Not always. حقيبة can mean:

• bag
• handbag
• suitcase
• case

The exact meaning depends on context. In a simple sentence like this, bag is a natural translation, but another meaning might fit in a different situation.

So the Arabic is flexible, while English may need a more specific word depending on context.