هذا الأسبوع أذهب إلى السوق مرتين.

Because أسبوع is a grammatically masculine noun in Arabic.

So Arabic uses the masculine demonstrative هذا for this:

• هذا الأسبوع = this week

If the noun were feminine, you would use هذه instead:

• هذه السنة = this year
• هذه المدينة = this city

So the choice depends on the grammatical gender of the noun, not on whether the thing is male or female in real life.

Because the verb أذهب already tells you the subject is I.

Arabic verbs usually include the subject information inside the verb form itself:

• أذهب = I go
• تذهب = you go / she goes
• يذهب = he goes

So أنا is optional here. You can say أنا أذهب إلى السوق مرتين هذا الأسبوع, but it usually adds emphasis, contrast, or clarity. In a normal sentence, leaving it out is completely natural.

Arabic often puts time expressions at the beginning of the sentence to set the scene.

So هذا الأسبوع أذهب إلى السوق مرتين means something like:

• As for this week, I go to the market twice
• This week, I go to the market twice

This is very natural in Arabic. You could also move it later:

• أذهب إلى السوق مرتين هذا الأسبوع

Both are correct. Starting with هذا الأسبوع gives the time frame a little more emphasis.

Because Arabic often uses time expressions directly, without a preposition, when they function like this week, today, tomorrow, and so on.

So:

• هذا الأسبوع = this week
• اليوم = today
• غدًا = tomorrow

This is normal and common.

You can sometimes say في هذا الأسبوع, but that usually sounds more marked or more like during this week in a specific context. For a simple sentence like this, هذا الأسبوع is the most natural choice.

In Arabic, the present tense can express:

• a present action
• a habitual action
• a near or planned future action, if the context makes the time clear

Here, هذا الأسبوع gives the time frame, so أذهب can naturally mean something like:

• I go
• I’m going
• I will go, depending on context

If you want to make the future more explicit, you can say:

• سأذهب إلى السوق مرتين هذا الأسبوع = I will go to the market twice this week

So the original sentence is fine; it just relies on the time expression to clarify the meaning.

It means twice this week, not twice a week in general.

That is because of هذا الأسبوع, which refers to the current week.

Compare:

• أذهب إلى السوق مرتين هذا الأسبوع = I go / am going to the market twice this week
• أذهب إلى السوق مرتين في الأسبوع = I go to the market twice a week

So هذا الأسبوع points to one specific week, while في الأسبوع gives a general repeated frequency.

Because ذهب إلى is the normal Arabic pattern for go to.

So:

• أذهب إلى السوق = I go to the market
• ذهب إلى المدرسة = he went to school
• نذهب إلى البيت = we go home / to the house

This is just the standard preposition that goes with the verb ذهب when you are talking about a destination.

السوق means the market.

In Arabic, the definite article الـ is often used where English might say the market, or even where English sometimes says just market in a more general way.

So:

• إلى السوق = to the market
• إلى سوق = to a market

Without الـ, the meaning becomes less specific and more like to a market or to some market.

Because س is a sun letter.

When الـ comes before a sun letter, the l sound is not pronounced. Instead, the following consonant is doubled in pronunciation.

So:

• written: السوق
• pronounced: as-sūq

But the spelling does not change.

Other examples:

• الشمس is pronounced ash-shams
• السماء is pronounced as-samā’

This is a pronunciation rule, not a spelling change.

Because مرتين is the dual form used here in a non-nominative role, and it means twice or two times.

The basic noun is:

• مرة = one time / one occasion

Its dual is:

• مرتان in the nominative
• مرتين in the accusative or genitive

In this sentence, مرتين functions as an adverbial expression of frequency, so مرتين is the expected form.

Useful pattern:

• مرة واحدة = once
• مرتين = twice
• ثلاث مرات = three times
• أربع مرات = four times

So مرتين is the normal way to say twice in this sentence.

A careful fully vowelled version is often written as:

هذا الأسبوعَ أذهبُ إلى السوقِ مرتينِ

Here is why:

• أذهبُ ends in ـُ because it is a present-tense indicative verb
• السوقِ ends in ـِ because it comes after the preposition إلى
• مرتينِ ends in ـينِ because it is the dual form in a non-nominative role
• هذا الأسبوعَ functions as a time expression, so الأسبوعَ is often treated as accusative in this sentence

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually not written, so learners usually just see:

هذا الأسبوع أذهب إلى السوق مرتين

That is completely normal.