أشرب قهوة كل صباح في البيت.

أشرب is a verb in the present tense (imperfect) meaning “I drink.” It comes from the root ش ر ب.
In the present tense, أ- at the beginning is the marker for 1st person singular (I), so:

• أشرب = I drink / I am drinking (context decides)

Arabic verbs usually encode the subject inside the verb form, so أشرب already tells you the subject is “I.”
You can add أنا for emphasis or contrast:

• أنا أشرب قهوة... = I (as opposed to someone else) drink coffee...

In Modern Standard Arabic, the present tense can cover both simple present and present continuous, depending on context:

• أشرب قهوة كل صباح strongly suggests a habit → “I drink coffee every morning.”
  If you wanted to emphasize “right now,” you’d usually add something like الآن:
• أشرب قهوة الآن = “I’m drinking coffee now.”

Both are possible, but they differ slightly in meaning:

• أشرب قهوة = “I drink coffee” (generic/unspecified, like “some coffee”)
• أشرب القهوة = “I drink the coffee” (a specific coffee, or coffee as a known/particular item in context)
  For a general habit, قهوة is very natural.

كل صباح means “every morning.” It’s a time expression that commonly comes after the object (after قهوة) in straightforward Arabic word order:

• أشرب قهوة كل صباح = Verb + Object + Time
  You can also front it for emphasis:
• كل صباح أشرب قهوة... = “Every morning, I drink coffee...”

In the phrase كل + noun, the noun is often indefinite:

• كل صباح = “every morning” (general)
  You may also see كلّ الصباح in some contexts, but it tends to mean something closer to “the whole morning / all morning.”

In careful, fully vocalized MSA, it would typically be:

• أَشْرَبُ قَهْوَةً كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ فِي الْبَيْتِ.
  Key points:
• أشربُ ends with -u (indicative mood).
• قهوةً is often accusative with tanwīn as the direct object.
• كُلَّ is accusative because it functions adverbially here.
• صباحٍ is genitive because it follows كلّ in an iḍāfa-like structure.
• البيتِ is genitive after في.

(In everyday unvowelled writing, these endings are usually omitted.)

Both can be translated as “at home / in the house,” but there’s a nuance:

• في البيت = literally “in the house” (neutral, common in MSA)
• بالبيت = بِـ + البيت, often feels like “at the house / at home” and is very common in spoken Arabic; it also occurs in MSA but في is the default for “in.”
  For a learner focusing on MSA, في البيت is safest and most standard.

Arabic often uses a definite noun where English uses an idiom like “home.”
في البيت is the common way to express “at home,” even though it literally looks like “in the house.”

Yes, within limits. Common options include:

• أشرب قهوة كل صباح في البيت. (neutral)
• كل صباح أشرب قهوة في البيت. (emphasizes “every morning”)
• في البيت أشرب قهوة كل صباح. (emphasizes location)
  The most neutral style often keeps time and place after the main verb phrase, and frequently time before place, as in the original.

You’d change the verb to 3rd person masculine singular:

• يشرب قهوة كل صباح في البيت. = “He drinks coffee every morning at home.”

Arabic doesn’t always use an explicit “a” the way English does. Options:

• أشرب قهوة كل صباح... = “I drink coffee every morning” (most natural)
  If you want to stress “a (single) cup,” you can specify:
• أشرب فنجان قهوة كل صباح... = “I drink a cup of coffee every morning...”