في الصباح أذهب إلى الشركة بالحافلة.

Yes. Arabic often front-loads time or place phrases for context. في الصباح (in the morning) is a prepositional phrase (PP) placed first for emphasis/clarity. A very common alternative is:

• أذهب إلى الشركة بالحافلة في الصباح. Both are correct; the first simply highlights the time upfront.

أذهب is the imperfect (non-past) form, 1st person singular (I go / I am going). In Modern Standard Arabic it commonly expresses:

• a habitual action: I (usually) go
• a general present: I go Context decides whether it sounds like I go or I’m going in English.

إلى is the standard preposition for to / toward when you mean movement to a destination:

• أذهب إلى الشركة = I go to the company Using something like في would change the meaning to location (in), not destination.

The preposition بـ commonly expresses means/instrument in MSA, including transportation:

• بالحافلة = by (means of) the bus Structurally it’s بـ + الـ + حافلة → بالحافلة.

Short prepositions like بـ attach directly to the following word in writing. When the noun is definite with الـ, the spelling combines:

• بـ + الحافلة → بالحافلة This is extremely common with بـ, لـ, كـ, و.

In fully vowelled MSA, you’d typically see:

• في الصباحِ أذهبُ إلى الشركةِ بالحافلةِ Because after prepositions (في / إلى / بـ) the noun is normally in the genitive case (ـِ).
  In most modern writing and speech, these endings are often not pronounced or written.

Yes. صباحًا is an adverbial accusative (a time adverb meaning in the morning):

• صباحًا أذهب إلى الشركة بالحافلة. It’s a bit more “formal/structured” in MSA style. في الصباح is very straightforward and common.

Two common MSA options:

• Present negation: لا أذهب إلى الشركة بالحافلة في الصباح. = I don’t go ...
• Emphatic present negation: ما أذهب إلى الشركة بالحافلة في الصباح. (also used; style varies)

You can add هل at the beginning:

• هل أذهب إلى الشركة بالحافلة في الصباح؟ = Do I go ...? Or rely on intonation in speech (less “textbook MSA”), but هل is the standard formal way.